<1> UI - 620BB-0014 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620BB AU - Mohanty P AU - Vani B AU - Prakash JSS MA - prasanna37@hotmail.com RA - Mohanty P TI - Elevated temperature treatment induced alteration in thylakoid membrane organization and energy distribution between the two photosystems in Pisum sativum SO - Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C-A Journal of Biosciences. 57(9-10):836-842, 2002 Sep-Oct. AS - Z.Naturforsch.(C) 2002 Sep-Oct;57(9-10):836-842 PU - VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH, POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY IS - 0939-5075 MH - Pisum sativum MH - Light harvesting chlorophyll protein complex MH - Phosphorylation MH - Heat stress. MH - Light-harvesting complex MH - Protein-phosphorylation MH - Excitation-energy MH - Oxygen evolution MH - Chlorophyll-a MH - Redox state MH - Fluorescence MH - Chloroplasts MH - Leaves MH - Phosphoproteins. AB - Two-week-old pea (Pisum sativum var. Arkal) plants were subjected to elevated temperature (38 degreesC/42 degreesC) in dark for 14-15 h. The effect of heat treatment on light- induced phosphorylation of LHCII and LHCII migration in the thylakoid membranes were investigated. The heat treatment did cause a substantial (more than two fold) increase in the extent of LHCII phosphorylation as compared to the control. Upon separation of appressed and non-appressed thylakoid fractions by digitonin treatment, the heat-treated samples showed a decrease in LHCII-related polypeptides from the grana stack (appressed region) over the control. Further, a small increase in the intensity of these (LHCII-related) bands was detected in stromal thylakoid fraction (non-appressed membranes). This suggests an enhanced extent of migration of phosphorylated LHCII from appressed to non-appressed regions due to in vivo heat treatment of pea plants. We also isolated the LHCII from control and heat treated (42 degreesC) pea seedlings. Analysis of CD spectra revealed a 5 - 6 run blue shift in the 638 run negative peak in heat treated samples suggesting alteration in the organization of Chl b in the LHCII macro-aggregates. These results suggest that in vivo heat stress not only alters the extent of migration of LHCII to stromal region, but also affects the light harvesting mechanism by LHCII associated with the grana region. [References: 34] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Mohanty P RPRC New Delhi 751015 India Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci New Delhi 110067 India <2> UI - 620BB-0016 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620BB AU - Burda K AU - Kruk J AU - Strzalka K AU - Schmid GH MA - G.Schmid@Biologie.Uni-Bielefeld.de RA - Schmid GH TI - Stimulation of oxygen evolution in photosystem II by Copper(II) ions SO - Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C-A Journal of Biosciences. 57(9-10):853-857, 2002 Sep-Oct. AS - Z.Naturforsch.(C) 2002 Sep-Oct;57(9-10):853-857 PU - VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH, POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY IS - 0939-5075 MH - Copper(ii) ions MH - Stimulation of oxygen evolution MH - Photosystem ii. MH - Electron-transport MH - Epr spectroscopy MH - Binding sites MH - O-2 evolution MH - Higher-plants MH - Chloroplasts MH - Tobacco MH - Photosynthesis MH - Fluorescence MH - Inhibition. AB - We have found that Copper(II) ions at about equimolar Cu2+/photosystem II (PS II) reaction center proportions stimulate oxygen evolution nearly twofold. This high affinity Cu-binding site is different from the binding sites of Mn and Ca ions. The analysis of the CU2+ content in PS II preparations isolated from wild-type tobacco and a tobacco mutant deficient in light-harvesting complex suggests that CU2+ may be a native component of PS II and may take part in the oxygen evolution process. At higher concentrations, CU2+ ions inhibit oxygen evolution and quench fluorescence. [References: 33] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Schmid GH Univ Bielefeld, Fak Biol, Lehrstuhl Zellphysiol D-33501 Bielefeld Germany Univ Bielefeld, Fak Biol, Lehrstuhl Zellphysiol D-33501 Bielefeld Germany H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys PL-31342 Krakow Poland Jagiellonian Univ, Jan Zurzycki Inst Mol Biol, Dept Plant Physiol & Biochem PL-31120 Krakow Poland <3> UI - 620BQ-0001 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620BQ AU - Klieber A AU - Porter KL AU - Collins G MA - andreas.klieber@adelaide.edu.au RA - Klieber A TI - Harvesting at different times of day does not influence the postharvest life of Chinese cabbage SO - Scientia Horticulturae. 96(1-4):1-9, 2002 Dec 6. AS - Sci. Hortic 2002 Dec 6;96(1-4):1-9 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.elsevier.nl IS - 0304-4238 MH - Chinese cabbage MH - Harvest MH - Postharvest MH - Storage life MH - Quality MH - Energy substrates. AB - Chinese cabbages cv. 'Yuki' were harvested at dawn; mid-morning, midday, mid-afternoon, and dusk, and cooled either immediately or after a half an hour delay, to determine the effects on postharvest life. Temperatures during harvesting ranged from 6.1 to 21.5 degreesC. Water status levels were determined immediately after harvest and then heads were stored at 0 C with destructive assessment for trimming loss, chlorophyll fluorescence, quality, and energy substrate levels after 0, 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Results indicate that harvesting at different times of the day and the half an hour delay in cooling did not affect any of these postharvest parameters of Chinese cabbage. This can be attributed to the protective function of wrapper leaves that are removed at harvest. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. [References: 12] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Klieber A Univ Adelaide, Dept Hort Viticulture & Oenol Waite Campus,PMB 1 Glen Osmond SA 5064 Australia Univ Adelaide, Dept Hort Viticulture & Oenol Glen Osmond SA 5064 Australia <4> UI - 620BQ-0010 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620BQ AU - Medina CL AU - Souza RP AU - Machado EC AU - Ribeiro RV AU - Silva JAB MA - caruso@iac.br RA - Medina CL TI - Photosynthetic response of citrus grown under reflective aluminized polypropylene shading nets SO - Scientia Horticulturae. 96(1-4):115-125, 2002 Dec 6. AS - Sci. Hortic 2002 Dec 6;96(1-4):115-125 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.elsevier.nl IS - 0304-4238 MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Citrus sinensis MH - Photosynthesis MH - Nursery trees MH - Reflective aluminized shading nets MH - Stomatal conductance. MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Electron-transport MH - Co2 assimilation MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Photoinhibition MH - Leaves MH - Light MH - Trees MH - Temperature MH - Plants. AB - High temperatures and high atmospheric vapor pressure deficits (VPDs) are usually encountered in greenhouses in hot climates. For citrus, these environmental conditions can lead to decreases in photosynthetic activity with detrimental effects on plant growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of reflective aluminized polypropylene shading nets on photosynthetic performance of citrus plants, by measuring CO2 assimilation, transpiration rate, stomata] conductance and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Incident photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels and leaf temperatures were reduced when the reflective nets were used. Higher stomata] conductance and higher CO2 assimilation rates were observed in shaded plants, so that integrated daily net CO, uptake was approximately 20% higher than in exposed plants. The better performance of shaded plants, however, was observed only during the middle of the day, being PAR-limited in early morning and late afternoon. The reflective net was also effective in preventing photoinhibition of photosynthesis in shaded plants, which sustained higher maximum (F-v/F-m) and effective (DeltaF/F'(m)) quantum yield with higher apparent electron transport rates (ETRs) than exposed plants. Observed photoinhibition in exposed plants was transient, probably reflecting photosynthetic regulatory responses to excess absorbed light energy. Therefore, the results clearly showed that photosynthetic performance of citrus cultivated in greenhouses can be improved by the use of reflective nets. Favorable effects comprised not only the maintenance of proper stomatal aperture for gas exchange but also a better functioning of the photosystem II (PSII) under non-photoinhibitory conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 36] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Medina CL Inst Agron Campinas, Ctr Ecofisiol & Biofis CP 28 BR-13001970 Campinas SP Brazil Inst Agron Campinas, Ctr Ecofisiol & Biofis BR-13001970 Campinas SP Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Fisiol Vegetal BR-13083970 Campinas SP Brazil Escola Super Agr Luis Dequeiroz BR-1340000 Piracicaba SP Brazil <5> UI - 624RA-0034 DD - ISI Document Solution: 624RA AU - Demmig-Adams B AU - Adams WW MA - barbara.demmig-adams@colorado.edu RA - Demmig-Adams B TI - Antioxidants in photosynthesis and human nutrition [Review] SO - Science. 298(5601):2149-2153, 2002 Dec 13. AS - Science 2002 Dec 13;298(5601):2149-2153 PU - AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE, 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA. URL: http://www.aaas.org IS - 0036-8075 MH - Violaxanthin de-epoxidase MH - Xanthophyll cycle MH - Arabidopsis mutants MH - Energy-dissipation MH - Oxidative stress MH - Gene-expression MH - Nervous-system MH - Beta-carotene MH - Disease MH - Lipoxygenases. LG - English PT - Review SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Multidisciplinary in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Multidisciplinary in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. Multidisciplinary in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Demmig-Adams B Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol Boulder, CO 80309 USA Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol Boulder, CO 80309 USA <6> UI - 620DP-0009 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620DP AU - Yaronskaya EB AU - Rassadina VV AU - Averina NG MA - ipb@biobel.bas-net.by RA - Yaronskaya EB TI - Regulation of magnesium chelatase activity during excessive accumulation of porphyrins in green barley leaves SO - Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 49(6):771-775, 2002 Nov-Dec. AS - Russ. J. Plant Physiol 2002 Nov-Dec;49(6):771-775 PU - MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA, C/O KLUWER ACADEMIC-PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA. URL: gopher://plenum.titlenet.com:6200 IS - 1021-4437 MH - Hordeum vulgare MH - Magnesium chelatase MH - 5-aminolevulinic acid MH - Protoporphyrin ix MH - Magnesium-protoporphyrin ix MH - Protochlorophyllide. MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides MH - 5-aminolevulinic acid MH - Mg-chelatase MH - Xantha-g MH - Chloroplasts MH - Specificity MH - Resolution MH - Fractions MH - Subunits. AB - Activity of magnesium chelatase was studied in green barley leaves treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). After this treatment, leaves accumulated excessive amounts of porphyrinic precursors of chlorophyll : protoporphyrin IX (PP), magnesium-protoporphyrin IX (MgPP), its monomethyl ester (MgPPE), and protochlorophyllide. The enzyme activity was found to be inversely dependent on the amount of MgPP formed from exogenous ALA. A conclusion was drawn about the existence of a mechanism for the regulation of the enzyme activity in vivo via its inhibition by the reaction product. [References: 24] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Yaronskaya EB Natl Acad Sci Belarus, Inst Photobiol Akademicheskaya Ul 27 Minsk 220072 Byelarus Natl Acad Sci Belarus, Inst Photobiol Minsk 220072 Byelarus <7> UI - 617ZY-0003 DD - ISI Document Solution: 617ZY AU - Nagarajan V AU - Johnson E AU - Schellenberg P AU - Parson W AU - Windeler R MA - ngrjn@u.washington.edu RA - Nagarajan V TI - A compact versatile femtosecond spectrometer SO - Review of Scientific Instruments. 73(12):4145-4149, 2002 Dec. AS - Rev. Sci. Instrum 2002 Dec;73(12):4145-4149 PU - AMER INST PHYSICS, CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA. URL: http://www.aip.org IS - 0034-6748 MH - Green fluorescent protein MH - Pump-probe spectroscopy MH - Ti-sapphire laser MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides MH - Reaction centers MH - Generation MH - Dynamics MH - Pulses MH - Temperature MH - States. AB - A compact apparatus for femtosecond pump-probe experiments is described. The apparatus is based on a cavity-dumped titanium:sapphire laser. Probe pulses are generated by focusing weak (similar to1 nJ) pulses into a microstructure fiber that produces broadband continuum pulses with high efficiency. With the pump pulses compressed and probe pulses uncompressed, the rise time of the pump-probe signals is <100 fs. The 830 nm pump pulses are also frequency doubled to generate light for excitation at 415 nm. The versatility of the spectrometer is demonstrated by exciting molecules at either 830 or 415 nm, and probing at wavelengths ranging from 500 to 950 nm. Some results on the green fluorescent protein are presented. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics. [References: 24] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences Current Contents(R)/Engineering, Computing & Technology CC - Spectroscopy/Instrumentation/Analytical Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. Instrumentation & Measurement in Current Contents(R)/Engineering, Computing & Technology. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Nagarajan V Univ Washington, Dept Biochem Seattle, WA 98195 USA Univ Washington, Dept Biochem Seattle, WA 98195 USA OFS Labs Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA <8> UI - 620JJ-0098 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620JJ AU - Gupta R AU - Mould RM AU - He ZY AU - Luan S MA - sluan@nature.berkeley.edu RA - Luan S TI - A chloroplast FKBP interacts with and affects the accumulation of Rieske subunit of cytochrome bf complex SO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99(24):15806-15811, 2002 Nov 26. AS - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A 2002 Nov 26;99(24):15806-15811 PU - NATL ACAD SCIENCES, 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA. URL: http://www4.nationalacademies.org/nas/nashome.nsf IS - 0027-8424 MH - Cis-trans-isomerase MH - Ryanodine receptor function MH - Arabidopsis-thaliana MH - Fk506-binding protein MH - Higher-plants MH - Molecular characterization MH - Thylakoid membrane MH - Prolyl isomerase MH - Binding-protein MH - Fk506. AB - Immunophilins are intracellular receptors of the immunosuppressants cyclosporin A, FK506, and rapamycin. Although all immunophilins possess peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity and are identified from a wide range of organisms, little is known about their cellular functions. We report the characterization and functional analysis of an FK506 and rapamycin-binding protein (AtFKBP13) from Arabidopsis. The AtFKBP13 protein is synthesized as a precursor that is imported into chloroplasts and processed to the mature form located in the thylakoid lumen, as shown by chloroplast import assays and Western blot analysis. Experiments show that AtFKBP13 is translocated across the thylakoid membrane by the DeltapH-dependent pathway. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified Rieske FeS protein, a subunit of the cytochrome bf complex in the photosynthetic electron transport chain, as an interacting partner for AtFKBP13. Both yeast two-hybrid and in vitro protein-protein interaction assays showed that the precursor, but not the mature form, of AtFKBP13 interacted with Rieske protein, suggesting that interaction between the two proteins occurs along the import pathway. When AtFKBP13 expression was suppressed by RNA interference method, the level of Rieske protein was significantly increased in the transgenic plants. [References: 47] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Multidisciplinary in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Luan S Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Univ Cambridge, Dept Plant Sci Cambridge CB2 3EA England <9> UI - 620BN-0017 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620BN AU - Bunney TD AU - van den Wijngaard PWJ AU - de Boer AH MA - ahdeboer@bio.vu.nl RA - de Boer AH TI - 14-3-3 protein regulation of proton pumps and ion channels SO - Plant Molecular Biology. 50(6):1041-1051, 2002 Dec. AS - Plant Mol.Biol 2002 Dec;50(6):1041-1051 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0167-4412 MH - 14-3-3 protein MH - Blue light MH - Fusicoccin MH - H+-atpase MH - Ion channel MH - Phosphorylation MH - Protein kinase MH - Protein phosphatase. MH - Membrane h+-atpase MH - Plant defense response MH - C-terminal region MH - Fusicoccin-binding MH - Guard-cells MH - Blue-light MH - Potassium channel MH - Plasma-membranes MH - Fungal pathogens MH - Mesophyll-cells. AB - In addition to their regulation of cytoplasmic enzymes, the 14-3-3 proteins are important regulators of membrane localised proteins. In particular, many of the cells' ion pumps and channels are either directly or indirectly modulated by 14-3-3 proteins. Binding of 14-3-3 can lead to the activation of pump activity as in the case of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase or inhibition as in the case of the F-type ATP synthase complexes. 14-3-3 binding can also lead to surprising results such as the recruitment of 'sleepy' outward rectifiying K+ channels in tomato cells. Our present knowledge extends to an initial understanding of isoform-specific binding of 14-3-3 to certain membrane proteins and a perception of the protein kinases and phosphatases that maintain the regulatory process in a state of flux. [References: 70] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: de Boer AH Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Dev Genet De Boelelaan 1087 NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Dept Dev Genet NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands <10> UI - 618JC-0018 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618JC AU - Goh CH AU - Dietrich P AU - Steinmeyer R AU - Schreiber U AU - Nam HG AU - Hedrich R MA - hedrich@botanik.uni-wuerzburg.de RA - Hedrich R TI - Parallel recordings of photosynthetic electron transport and K+-channel activity in single guard cells SO - Plant Journal. 32(4):623-630, 2002 Nov. AS - Plant J 2002 Nov;32(4):623-630 PU - BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD, P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.blackwell-science.com IS - 0960-7412 MH - Atp MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Electron transport MH - Guard cell MH - K+ channel MH - Patch-clamp. MH - Plasma-membrane MH - Voltage-dependence MH - Kat1 channel MH - Proton pump MH - Plant-cell MH - Protoplasts MH - Light MH - Modulation MH - Hyperpolarization MH - Acidification. AB - Stomata open in response to red and blue light. Red light-induced stomatal movement is mediated by guard cell chloroplasts and related to K+-uptake into these motor cells. We have combined a new type of microchlorophyll fluorometer with the patch-clamp technique for parallel studies of the photosynthetic electron transport and activity of plasma membrane K+ channels in single guard cell protoplast. In the whole-cell configuration and presence of ATP in the patch-pipette, the activity of the K+-uptake channels remained constant throughout the course of an experiment (up to 30 min) while photosynthetic activity declined to about 50%. In the absence of ATP inward K+ currents declined in a time-dependent manner. Under these ATP-free conditions, photosynthetic electron transport was completely blocked within 8 min. ADP together with orthophosphate was able to prevent inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport and run-down of K+-channel activity. The results demonstrate that the combination of these two techniques is suited to directly study cytosolic factors as common regulators of photosynthesis and plasma membrane transport within a single-cell. [References: 31] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Hedrich R Julius Von Sachs Inst Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl Mol Pflanzenphysiol & Biophys Julius Von Sachs Pl 2 D-97082 Wurzburg Germany Julius Von Sachs Inst Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl Mol Pflanzenphysiol & Biophys D-97082 Wurzburg Germany Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Div Mol & Life Sci Pohang 790784 South Korea <11> UI - 615UF-0007 DD - ISI Document Solution: 615UF AU - Cheng WH AU - Endo A AU - Zhou L AU - Penney J AU - Chen HC AU - Arroyo A AU - Leon P AU - Nambara E AU - Asami T AU - Seo M AU - Koshiba T AU - Sheen J MA - sheen@molbio.mgh.harvard.edu RA - Sheen J TI - A unique short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase in Arabidopsis glucose signaling and abscisic acid biosynthesis and functions SO - Plant Cell. 14(11):2723-2743, 2002 Nov. AS - Plant Cell 2002 Nov;14(11):2723-2743 PU - AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS, 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA. URL: http://www.aspb.org IS - 1040-4651 MH - Gene-expression MH - 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase MH - Aldehyde oxidase MH - Zeaxanthin epoxidase MH - Developmental arrest MH - Insensitive mutants MH - Higher-plants MH - Water-stress MH - Sdr enzymes MH - Ethylene. AB - Glc has hormone-like functions and controls many vital processes through mostly unknown mechanisms in plants. We report here on the molecular cloning of GLUCOSE INSENSITIVE1 (GIN1) and ABSCISIC ACID DEFICIENT2 (ABA2) which encodes a unique Arabidopsis short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR1) that functions as a molecular link between nutrient signaling and plant hormone biosynthesis. SDR1 is related to SDR superfamily members involved in retinoid and steroid hormone biosynthesis in mammals and sex determination in maize. Glc antagonizes ethylene signaling by activating ABA2/GIN1 and other abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling genes, which requires Glc and ABA synergistically. Analyses of aba2/gin1 null mutants define dual functions of endogenous ABA in inhibiting the post-germination developmental switch modulated by distinct Glc and osmotic signals and in promoting organ and body size and fertility in the absence of severe stress. SDR1 is sufficient for the multistep conversion of plastid- and carotenoid-derived xanthoxin to abscisic aldehyde in the cytosol. The surprisingly restricted spatial and temporal expression of SDR1 suggests the dynamic mobilization of ABA precursors and/or ABA. [References: 79] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Sheen J Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet Boston, MA 02114 USA Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet Boston, MA 02114 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Mol Biol Boston, MA 02114 USA Acad Sinica, Inst Bot Taipei 11529 Taiwan Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Biol Sci Hachioji Tokyo 1920397 Japan Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biotechnol, Dept Biol Mol Plantas Cuernavaca 62271 Morelos Mexico RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Plant Sci Ctr Wako Saitama 3510198 Japan RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Plant Funct Lab Wako Saitama 3510198 Japan <12> UI - 615UF-0019 DD - ISI Document Solution: 615UF AU - Yamaguchi K AU - Suzuki L AU - Yamamoto H AU - Lyukevich A AU - Bodrova I AU - Los DA AU - Piven I AU - Zinchenko V AU - Kanehisa M AU - Murata N MA - murata@nibb.ac.jp RA - Murata N TI - A two-component Mn2+-sensing system negatively regulates expression of the mntCAB operon in synechocystis SO - Plant Cell. 14(11):2901-2913, 2002 Nov. AS - Plant Cell 2002 Nov;14(11):2901-2913 PU - AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS, 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA. URL: http://www.aspb.org IS - 1040-4651 MH - 2-component signal-transduction MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Bacillus-subtilis MH - Crystal-structure MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Manganese MH - Protein MH - Identification MH - Transporter MH - Pcc-6803. AB - Mn is an essential component of the oxygen-evolving machinery of photosynthesis and is an essential cofactor of several important enzymes, such as Mn-superoxide dismutase and Mn-catalase. The availability of Mn in the environment varies, and little is known about the mechanisms for maintaining cytoplasmic Mn2+ ion homeostasis. Using a DNA microarray, we screened knockout libraries of His kinases and response regulators of Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 to identify possible participants in this process. We identified a His kinase, ManS, which might sense the extracellular concentration of Mn2+ ions, and a response regulator, ManR, which might regulate the expression of the mntCAB operon for the ABC-type transporter of Mn2+ ions. Furthermore, analysis with the DNA microarray and by reverse transcription PCR suggested that ManS produces a signal that activates ManR, which represses the expression of the mntCAB operon. At low concentrations of Mn2+ ions, ManS does not generate a signal, with resulting inactivation of ManR and subsequent expression of the mntCAB operon. [References: 38] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Murata N Natl Inst Basic Biol, Dept Regulat Biol Okazaki Aichi 4448585 Japan Natl Inst Basic Biol, Dept Regulat Biol Okazaki Aichi 4448585 Japan Grad Univ Adv Studies, Sch Life Sci, Dept Mol Biomech Okazaki Aichi 4448585 Japan Russian Acad Sci, Inst Plant Physiol Moscow 127276 Russia Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Genet Moscow 119899 Russia Kyoto Univ, Chem Res Inst Kyoto 6110011 Japan <13> UI - 620KB-0002 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620KB AU - Adams WW AU - Demmig-Adams B AU - Rosenstiel TN AU - Brightwell AK AU - Ebbert V MA - william.adams@colorado.edu RA - Adams WW TI - Photosynthesis and photoprotection in overwintering plants [Review] SO - Plant Biology. 4(5):545-557, 2002 Sep. AS - Plant Biol 2002 Sep;4(5):545-557 PU - GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG, RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY. URL: http://www.thieme.de IS - 1435-8603 MH - Energy dissipation MH - Photoprotection MH - Photosynthesis MH - Seasonal acclimation MH - Winter stress MH - Xanthophyll cycle MH - Zeaxanthin. MH - Dependent energy-dissipation MH - Thylakoid protein-phosphorylation MH - Gum eucalyptus-pauciflora MH - Xanthophyll cycle MH - Carbon metabolism MH - Pinus-sylvestris MH - Seasonal-changes MH - Low-temperature MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence. AB - Seasonal differences in the capacity of photosynthetic electron transport, leaf pigment composition, xanthophyll cycle characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence emission were investigated in two biennial mesophytes (Malva neglecta and Verbascum thapsus) that grow in full sunlight, and in leaves/needles of sun and shade populations of several broad-leafed evergreens and conifers (Vinca minor, Euonymus kiautschovicus, Mahonia repens, Pseudotsuga menziesii [Douglas fir], and Pinus ponderosa). Both mesophytic species maintained or upregulated photosynthetic capacity in the winter and exhibited no upregulation of photoprotection. In contrast, photosynthetic capacity was downregulated in sun leaves/needles of V minor, Douglas fir, and Ponderosa pine, and even in shade needles of Douglas fir. Interestingly, photosynthetic capacity was upregulated during the winter in shade leaves/needles of V. minor, Ponderosa pine and Euonymus kiautschovicus. Nocturnal retention of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin, and their sustained engagement in a state primed for energy dissipation, were observed largely in the leaves/needles of sun-exposed evergreen species during winter. Factors that may contribute to these differing responses to winter stress, including chloroplast redox state, the relative levels of source and sink activity at the whole plant level, and apoplastic versus symplastic phloem loading, are discussed. [References: 69] LG - English PT - Review SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Adams WW Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol Boulder, CO 80309 USA Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol Boulder, CO 80309 USA <14> UI - 619ZT-0015 DD - ISI Document Solution: 619ZT AU - Lubitz W MA - lubitz@mpi-muelheim.mpg.de RA - Lubitz W TI - Pulse EPR and ENDOR studies of light-induced radicals and triplet states in photosystem II of oxygenic photosynthesis SO - Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 4(22):5539-5545, 2002 Nov 15. AS - Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys 2002 Nov 15;4(22):5539-5545 PU - ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.rsc.org IS - 1463-9076 MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides r-26 MH - Electron-paramagnetic-resonance MH - Chlorophyll cation radicals MH - Reaction centers MH - Single-crystals MH - Bacterial photosynthesis MH - Angstrom resolution MH - Pheophytin anion MH - Donor MH - Spectroscopy. AB - Selected applications of cw and time resolved EPR and ENDOR techniques to study stabilized radical ions, transient radical pairs and triplet states in photosystem II of oxygenic photosynthesis are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the structure and location of the cation radical and the triplet state at the donor side of PS II. Consequences for the initial charge separation process are briefly discussed. [References: 67] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Physical Chemistry/Chemical Physics in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Lubitz W Max Planck Inst Strahlenchem Stiftstr 34-36 D-45470 Mulheim Germany Max Planck Inst Strahlenchem D-45470 Mulheim Germany <15> UI - 619VR-0002 DD - ISI Document Solution: 619VR AU - Yaakoubd B AU - Andersen R AU - Desjardins Y AU - Samson G MA - Guy_Samson@uqtr.ca RA - Samson G TI - Contributions of the free oxidized and Q(B)-bound plastoquinone molecules to the thermal phase of chlorophyll-alpha fluorescence SO - Photosynthesis Research. 74(3):251-257, 2002. AS - Photosynth. Res 2002;74(3):251-257 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0166-8595 MH - Chlorophyll alpha fluorescence MH - Naphtoquinone MH - Non-photochemical quenching MH - Plastoquinone pool MH - Photosystem ii MH - Q(b) site. MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Spinach thylakoids MH - Room-temperature MH - Yield MH - Photosynthesis MH - Rise. AB - Variable chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence is composed of a photochemical and a thermal phases of similar amplitudes. The photochemical phase can be induced by a saturating single turnover flash (STF) and reflects the reduction of the Photosystem II (PS II) Q(A) primary electron acceptor. The thermal phase requires multiple turnover flash (MTF) and is somehow related to the reduction of the plastoquinone (PQ) molecules. This article aimed to determine the relative contributions of the Q(B)-bound and the free oxidized PQ molecules to the thermal phase of Chl a fluorescence. We thus measured the interactive effects of exogenous PQ (PQex), of an inhibitor (DCMU) acting at the Q(B) site of PS II and of an artificial quencher, 2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone, on Chl a fluorescence levels induced by STF (F-F) and MTF (F-M) in spinach thylakoids. We observed that: (1) the incorporation of PQex in thylakoids stimulated photosynthetic electron transport but barely affected F-F and F-M in the absence of DCMU; (2) DCMU significantly increased the amplitude of F-F but slightly quenched F-M; (3) 2-methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone quenched F-M to a larger-extent than F-F; (4) DCMU increased the quenching effects of PQex on F-F and F-M and also, of methyl-1,4-naphtoquinone on F-F. These results indicate that: (1) the Q(B)-bound and the free PQ molecules contribute to about 56% and 25%, respectively, to the thermal phase Chl a fluorescence in dark-adapted thylakoids; and (2) the thermal phase of Chl a fluorescence is more susceptible than the photochemical phase to the non-photochemical quenching effect of oxidized quinones. [References: 26] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Samson G Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Hort St Foy PQ G1K 7P4 Canada Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Hort St Foy PQ G1K 7P4 Canada UQTR, Dept Chim Biol Trois Rivieres PQ G9P 5H7 Canada <16> UI - 619VR-0004 DD - ISI Document Solution: 619VR AU - Nagashima S AU - Shimada K AU - Matsuura K AU - Nagashima KVP MA - saki@comp.metro-u.ac.jp RA - Nagashima S TI - Transcription of three sets of genes coding for the core light-harvesting proteins in the purple sulfur bacterium, Allochromatium vinosum SO - Photosynthesis Research. 74(3):269-280, 2002. AS - Photosynth. Res 2002;74(3):269-280 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0166-8595 MH - Allochromatium (chromatium) vinosum MH - Antenna proteins MH - Gene duplication MH - Lh1 complex MH - Puf operon MH - Purple sulfur bacteria. MH - Photosynthetic reaction-center MH - Messenger-rna stability MH - Puf-operon expression MH - Rhodobacter-capsulatus MH - Rhodospirillum-rubrum MH - Nucleotide-sequences MH - Chromatium-vinosum MH - Sphaeroides MH - Terminator MH - Subunit. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the puf operon coding for the subunits of the photosynthetic reaction center and the core light-harvesting complex (LH1) of the purple sulfur bacterium, Allochromatium (A.) vinosum (formally Chromatium vinosum), was completely determined. Unlike other known puf operons, which contain only one set of genes coding for the LH1 apoproteins, pufB and pufA, the A. vinosum puf operon included three sets of pufB and pufA genes with a gene order of pufB(1)A(1)LMCB(2)A(2)B(3)A(3). Northern hybridization analysis suggested that all of the nine puf genes are co-transcribed as a 4.43 kb mRNA. Three small mRNAs corresponding to pufB(2)A(2)B(3)A(3), pufB(2)A(2)B(3), and pufB(2)A(2) were detected, as well as two small mRNAs covering pufB(1)A(1). Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the puf operon, including the flanking regions and 5'-ends of the six mRNAs, suggested that the transcription of the A. vinosum puf operon is initiated at 74 bp downstream from the bchZ stop codon (295 bp upstream from the pufB(1) start codon), and regulated by a promoter located at its direct upstream. The possible promoter is overlapped with a binding motif of a repressor protein for pigment-biosynthesis genes, PpsR or CrtJ, known in other purple bacteria. No other possible promoters were found within the puf genes. These findings indicate that three sets of pufA and pufB genes of A. vinosum are co-transcribed as a long mRNA containing all the puf genes, and, from this long mRNA, the five short mRNAs are possibly derived by post-transcriptional modifications. [References: 45] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Nagashima S Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Biol 1-1 Minami Ohsawa Hachioji Tokyo 1920397 Japan Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Biol Hachioji Tokyo 1920397 Japan <17> UI - 619VR-0006 DD - ISI Document Solution: 619VR AU - Bukhov NG AU - Rajagopal S AU - Carpentier R MA - robert_carpentier@uqtr.ca RA - Carpentier R TI - Characterization of P700 as a photochemical quencher in isolated Photosystem I particles using simultaneous measurements of absorbance changes at 830 nm and photoacoustic signal SO - Photosynthesis Research. 74(3):295-302, 2002. AS - Photosynth. Res 2002;74(3):295-302 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0166-8595 MH - P700 MH - Photochemical quenching MH - Photosystem i MH - Thermal dissipation. MH - Variable thermal dissipation MH - Cyclic electron flow MH - Energy-storage MH - Redox state MH - Fluorescence MH - Photosynthesis MH - Spectroscopy MH - Leaves. AB - The relationship between the redox state of P700, the primary donor of PS I, monitored using absorbance changes at 830 nm and photochemical energy storage in PS I reaction centers assayed with the photoacoustic method (PA) was studied in isolated PS I submembrane particles aspirated onto nitrocellulose filters. Several donors have been used to support the electron transport through PS I. NADPH and NADH demonstrated low rates of electron donation to PS I, while ascorbate and ascorbate plus 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol ( DCIP) couple have been found more effective in both P700(+) reduction and stimulation of the variable component of the PA signal. A linear relationship was found in isolated PS I particles between the (A(830,max) - A(830,steady))/A(830,max) and (PA(max) - PA(steady))/PA(max) ratios, which characterized the relative amount of P700 in the reduced state and the relative magnitude of the variable PA component, respectively. That linear relationship was obtained independently from the nature of electron donor used for the reduction of P700(+). Such linear relationship was also obtained at various wavelengths of modulated light in the range of 660 to 720 nm, only the slope of the linear fits varied with wavelength. It is concluded that reduced P700 act as a photochemical quencher of absorbed energy. Variable thermal dissipation in PS I reaction centers of isolated submembrane particles linearly depends on the amount of reduced P700 and thus constitutes an appropriate indicator of the redox pressure applied to PS I. [References: 27] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Carpentier R Univ Quebec, Grp Rech Energie & Informat Biomol CP 500 Trois Rivieres PQ G9A 5H7 Canada Univ Quebec, Grp Rech Energie & Informat Biomol Trois Rivieres PQ G9A 5H7 Canada Russian Acad Sci, KA Timiryazev Plant Physiol Inst Moscow 127276 Russia <18> UI - 619VR-0007 DD - ISI Document Solution: 619VR AU - Garcia-Mendoza E AU - Matthijs HCP AU - Schubert H AU - Mur LR MA - ergarcia@cicese.mx RA - Garcia-Mendoza E TI - Non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in Chlorella fusca acclimated to constant and dynamic light conditions SO - Photosynthesis Research. 74(3):303-315, 2002. AS - Photosynth. Res 2002;74(3):303-315 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0166-8595 MH - Chlorella fusca MH - Dynamic light conditions MH - Green algae MH - Non-photochemical quenching MH - Photoacclimation MH - State transitions MH - Xanthophyll cycle. MH - Xanthophyll-cycle MH - Unicellular algae MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Zeaxanthin MH - Leaves MH - Plants MH - Energy MH - Photoprotection MH - Photosynthesis MH - Variability. AB - Non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) involves dissipation of light energy in the photosynthetic apparatus via a number of physiologically distinct processes. The relationships among NPQ, the (de)epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments and state transitions was studied in the green alga Chlorella fusca, acquired from six differently light-acclimated continuous cultures. A 10 h light and 14 h darkness, periodicity was obeyed in all cultures. Three cultures received a high total daily irradiance, three others a low one. High and low irradiances were each dosed in three different modes at constant supply, with sine shape intensity modulation, or as a sine with superimposed oscillations. In the constant supply mode, but not for the sine and oscillating modes, high-light rendered a three-fold higher xantophyll cycle pigment content than low-light. Dynamic interconversion of xantophyll cycle pigments was restricted to high-light cultures. NPQ followed the kinetics of the light supply mode and was highest in high light cultures. In low-light cultures, NPQ correlated mainly to state transitions. These observations were supported by experiments with dithiothreithol-treated samples. The relative impact of xantophyll cycle operation and state transitions on NPQ in green algae from different light climates will be discussed with reference to higher plants. [References: 34] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Garcia-Mendoza E CICESE, Dept Ecol Ensenada Baja California Mexico Univ Amsterdam, IBED, AMB NL-1018 WS Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Greifswald, Inst Ecol Greifswald Germany <19> UI - 619VR-0008 DD - ISI Document Solution: 619VR AU - Schreiber U AU - Muller JF AU - Haugg A AU - Gademann R MA - schreibe@botanik.uni-wurzburg.de RA - Schreiber U TI - New type of dual-channel PAM chlorophyll fluorometer for highly sensitive water toxicity biotests SO - Photosynthesis Research. 74(3):317-330, 2002. AS - Photosynth. Res 2002;74(3):317-330 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0166-8595 MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Diuron MH - Freeze-dried thylakoids MH - Herbicides MH - Pam fluorometry MH - Phaeodactylum tricornutum MH - Pollution MH - Toxicity MH - Water quality. MH - Photosynthetic electron-transport MH - Fluorescence MH - Bioassay MH - Yield. AB - A new type of dual-channel PAM chlorophyll fluorometer has been developed, which is specialised in the detection of extremely small differences in photosynthetic activity in algae or thylakoids suspensions. In conjunction with standardised algae cultures or isolated thylakoids, the new device provides an ultrasensitive biotest system for detection of toxic substances in water samples. In this report, major features of the new device are outlined and examples of its performance are presented using suspensions of Phaeodactylum tricornutum (diatoms) and of freeze-dried thylakoids of Lactuca sativa (salad). Investigated and reference samples are exposed to the same actinic intensity of pulse-modulated measuring light. The quantum yields are assessed by the saturation pulse method. Clock-triggered repetitive measurements of quantum yield typically display a standard deviation of 0.1%, corresponding to the inhibition induced by 0.02 mug diuron l(-1). Hence, for diuron or compounds with similar toxicity, the detection limit is well below the 0.1 mug l(-1) defined as the limit for the presence of a single toxic substance in water by the European Commission drinking water regulation. The amounts of water and biotest material required for analysis are very small, as a single assay involves two 1 ml samples, each containing ca. 0.5 mug chlorophyll. Both with Phaeodactylum and thylakoids the relationship between inhibition and diuron concentration is strictly linear up to 10% inhibition, with very similar slopes. Apparent inhibition depends on the actinic effect of the measuring light, showing optima at 6 and 4 mumol quanta m(-2) s(-1) with Phaeodactylum and thylakoids, respectively. [References: 14] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Schreiber U Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Bot 1, Julius Sachs Inst Biowissensch Julius Sachs Pl 2 D-97082 Wurzburg Germany Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Bot 1, Julius Sachs Inst Biowissensch D-97082 Wurzburg Germany Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol Coopers Plains Qld 4108 Australia <20> UI - 619VR-0009 DD - ISI Document Solution: 619VR AU - Gest H MA - hgest@bio.indiana.edu RA - Gest H TI - Photosynthesis and phage: early studies on phosphorus metabolism in photosynthetic microorganisms with P-32, and how they led to the serendipic discovery of P-32-decay 'suicide' of bacteriophage SO - Photosynthesis Research. 74(3):331-339, 2002. AS - Photosynth. Res 2002;74(3):331-339 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0166-8595 MH - Atp MH - Bacteriophage 'suicide' MH - Chlorella MH - E. coli MH - P metabolism in photosynthesis MH - Rhodospirillum rubrum MH - Scenedesmus MH - P-32. AB - During my PhD thesis research (1946-1949), I explored the effects of light on the uptake of P-32-labeled inorganic phosphate (P-i) by cells of photosynthetic bacteria and microalgae, and the dynamics of P turnover between low and high molecular weight cell constituents. The results were interpreted as evidence for the conversion of light energy to the chemical energy of phosphorylated compounds. The experimental results also suggested to me that the precursors of the P in DNA bacteriophages of Escherichia coli must be low molecular weight phosphorylated compounds present within the host cells and led to the design of an experiment to determine the conservation of P-32 of an infecting phage particle in its numerous progeny. The experiment envisaged was never conducted because phage labeled with P-32 of high specific activity showed unexpected loss of viability. Thus, by serendipity, 'suicide' of phage due to P-32-beta decay was discovered. P-32-decay 'suicide' provided a technique that was useful for analysis of phage genetic structure and replication. This memoir describes the unusual circumstances leading to the decisive role of serendipity in revealing an extraordinary phenomenon. [References: 33] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Gest H Indiana Univ, Dept Biol Bloomington, IN 47405 USA Indiana Univ, Dept Biol Bloomington, IN 47405 USA Indiana Univ, Dept Hist & Philosophy Sci Bloomington, IN 47405 USA <21> UI - 618HC-0006 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618HC AU - Guidi L AU - Degl'Innocenti E AU - Soldatini GF MA - guidilu@agri.unipi.it RA - Guidi L TI - Assimilation of CO2, enzyme activation and photosynthetic electron transport in bean leaves, as affected by high light and ozone SO - New Phytologist. 156(3):377-388, 2002 Dec. AS - New Phytol 2002 Dec;156(3):377-388 PU - BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD, P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.blackwell-science.com IS - 0028-646X MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Phaseolus vulgaris (bean) MH - Fbpase activity MH - Gas exchange MH - High light MH - Nadp-mdh activity MH - Ozone (o-3) MH - Rubisco activity. MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Elevated ozone MH - Pea leaves MH - Quantum efficiencies MH - Zeaxanthin formation MH - Carbon assimilation MH - Xanthophyll cycle MH - Water-stress MH - Sugar maple. AB - Bean seedlings (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Pinto) were grown in the greenhouse at a light intensity of 400 mumol m(-2) s(-1). When the primary leaf was fully expanded, plants were divided into four groups and subjected to one of the following treatments: light intensity of 400 mumol m(-2) s(-1) and filtered air (control); light intensity of 400 mumol m(-2) s(-1) and ozone (O-3) (150 nl l(-1) for 5 h) (ozonated); light intensity of 1000 mumol m(-2) s(-1) for 5 h and filtered air (HL); and light intensity of 1000 mumol m(-2) s(-1) and O-3 (150 nl l(-1)) for 5 h (HL + O-3). At the end of the treatments (HL and/or O-3) a strong decrease in CO2 assimilation rate as well a decrease in stomatal conductance were observed, while no changes in intercellular CO2 concentration were recorded. In addition the F-v : F-m ratio (maximal quantum yield for PSII photochemistry) decreased in the stressed leaves (HL and/or O-3), indicating photoinhibition, and they showed a corresponding increase in minimal fluorescence (F-0), indicating a higher number of deactivating photosystem II (PSII) centres. The maximum catalytic activity of the Benson-Calvin cycle enzymes, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase (FBPase) and Rubisco, decreased following HL + O-3 stress but activation was enhanced. A linear relation was found between activation state of NADP-malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and the flux of electrons through PSII and in HL + O-3-treated plants NADP-MDH activity decreased at high irradiance levels, indicating a limitation in linear electron flux. [References: 58] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Guidi L Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Biotecnol Agr Via Borghetto 80 I-56124 Pisa Italy Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Biotecnol Agr I-56124 Pisa Italy <22> UI - 618HC-0007 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618HC AU - van Buuren ML AU - Guidi L AU - Fornale S AU - Ghetti F AU - Franceschetti M AU - Soldatini GF AU - Bagni N MA - mlvanbuuren@hotmail.com RA - van Buuren ML TI - Ozone-response mechanisms in tobacco: implications of polyamine metabolism SO - New Phytologist. 156(3):389-398, 2002 Dec. AS - New Phytol 2002 Dec;156(3):389-398 PU - BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD, P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.blackwell-science.com IS - 0028-646X MH - Tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) MH - Ozone MH - Polyamines MH - Photosynthesis MH - Programmed cell death. MH - Arginine decarboxylase MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Hypersensitive response MH - Arabidopsis-thaliana MH - Cell-death MH - Plant MH - Expression MH - Cloning MH - Yield MH - Cdna. AB - Polyamines have been suggested to counteract oxidative damage in plants. Here, we present a detailed analysis of polyamine accumulation and its relationship to photosynthetic parameters in two tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cultivars (ozone-sensitive Bel W3 and ozone-tolerant Bel B) after a single ozone pulse and after a 1-month exposure in the open air. Free putrescine accumulated in undamaged tissue of both cultivars, whereas putrescine conjugated to soluble and cell-wall bound components accumulated predominantly in tissue undergoing cell death in Bel W3 plants. Accumulation was caused by a redirection of the conjugation pathway, as well as by a transient increase in arginine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase specific activity. This increase seemed to be regulated at post-transcriptional level. Measurements of chlorophyll content and fluorescence showed that, in addition to visible necrotic lesions, Bel W3 plants suffered considerable photosynthetic damage in other parts of the leaf. Accumulation of conjugated putrescine is part of the ozone-induced programmed cell death response in Bel W3 plants. Ozone-induced synthesis of free putrescine is not correlated with ozone-resistance in Bel B plants, which are apparently impaired in signal transduction pathways that are necessary to control the cellular redox state. However, Bel B plants are able to perceive ozone stress and to induce a series of defense mechanisms without activating hypersensitive cell death. [References: 47] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: van Buuren ML Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Biol Evolut Sperimentale Via Irnerio 42 I-40126 Bologna Italy Univ Bologna, Dipartimento Biol Evolut Sperimentale I-40126 Bologna Italy Univ Bologna, Ctr Interdipartimentale Biotechnol I-40126 Bologna Italy Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Chim & Biotecnol Agr I-56124 Pisa Italy <23> UI - 618HC-0018 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618HC AU - Niemi R AU - Martikainen PJ AU - Silvola J AU - Sonninen E AU - Wulff A AU - Holopainen T MA - Riikka.Niemi@uku.fi RA - Niemi R TI - Responses of two Sphagnum moss species and Eriophorum vaginatum to enhanced UV-B in a summer of low UV intensity SO - New Phytologist. 156(3):509-515, 2002 Dec. AS - New Phytol 2002 Dec;156(3):509-515 PU - BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD, P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.blackwell-science.com IS - 0028-646X MH - Uv-b MH - Sphagnum MH - Eriophorum vaginatum MH - Peatland MH - Chlorophyll MH - Membrane permeability. MH - Carbon-isotope discrimination MH - Tierra-del-fuego MH - Alpine life zone MH - Latitudinal gradient MH - Ozone depletion MH - Radiation MH - Plants MH - Field MH - Photosynthesis MH - Growth. AB - The flux of ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation to the Earth's surface is increasing, particularly in high latitudes. We studied the sensitivity of some dominant plant species of boreal and subarctic peatlands to this increase. Intact peat monoliths with the mosses Sphagnum balticum and Sphagnum papillosum, and cotton grass (Eriophorum vaginatum) were exposed to ambient solar UV-B or ambient solar UV-B supplemented by 30% in a field experiment in central Finland. Although the UV-B dose was low during the growing season, owing to frequent cloudiness, both Sphagnum species showed significantly higher membrane permeability under enhanced UV-B. In S. balticum, UV-B tended to decrease the capitulum dry mass and induced a 30-40% increase in the concentration of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments. Enhanced UV-B had no effects on leaf morphology, chlorophyll fluorescence or stomatal functioning in E. vaginatum. The various UV-B responses in the Sphagnum species under investigation indicate that they may be sensitive even to small increases in solar UV-B radiation. By contrast, E. vaginatum appeared to tolerate the UV-B fluxes of the experiment. [References: 31] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Niemi R Univ Kuopio, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci POB 1627 FIN-70211 Kuopio Finland Univ Kuopio, Dept Ecol & Environm Sci FIN-70211 Kuopio Finland Univ Kuopio, Dept Environm Sci FIN-70211 Kuopio Finland Univ Joensuu, Dept Biol FIN-80101 Joensuu Finland Univ Helsinki, Dating Lab FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland <24> UI - 620FT-0011 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620FT AU - Friberg H AU - Wieloch T AU - Castilho RF MA - hans.friberg@heisingborgslasarett.se RA - Friberg H TI - Mitochondrial oxidative stress after global brain ischemia in rats SO - Neuroscience Letters. 334(2):111-114, 2002 Dec 13. AS - Neurosci. Lett 2002 Dec 13;334(2):111-114 PU - ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD, CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND. URL: http://www.elsevier.nl IS - 0304-3940 MH - Brain MH - Calcium MH - Cyclosporin a MH - Free radicals MH - Ischemia MH - Mitochondria MH - Permeability transition. MH - Term forebrain ischemia MH - Cerebral-ischemia MH - Permeability transition MH - Recirculation MH - Reperfusion MH - Antioxidant MH - Damage MH - Model. AB - Vulnerable neurons in the hippocampus die 2-3 days after transient global brain ischemia. In the present study, rat brain mitochondria were isolated at different time points (4 h, 24 h and 48 h) after transient global ischemia. Detection of mitochondrially-generated reactive oxygen species, measured through dichlorodihydrofluorescein oxidation, was increased up to 40% relative to control in hippocampal mitochondria at 4 h and 48 h of reperfusion. Ischemia-stimulated oxidative stress was observed with mitochondria oxidizing substrates linked to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or flavin adenine dinucleotide, but not in the presence of the respiratory chain inhibitor antimycin A. A slightly decreased Ca2+ uptake capacity was observed in hippocampal mitochondria during reperfusion. We conclude that transient brain ischemia induces oxidative stress in hippocampal mitochondria. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 20] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Neurosciences & Behavior in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Friberg H Lund Univ, Wallenberg Neurosci Ctr, Expt Brain Res Lab Solvegatan 17 S-22362 Lund Sweden Lund Univ, Wallenberg Neurosci Ctr, Expt Brain Res Lab S-22362 Lund Sweden Lund Univ Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care S-22185 Lund Sweden State Univ Campinas, Sch Med Sci, Dept Clin Pathol BR-13083970 Campinas SP Brazil <25> UI - 618CQ-0014 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618CQ AU - Deshmukh M AU - May M AU - Zhang Y AU - Gabbert KK AU - Karberg KA AU - Kranz RG AU - Daldal F MA - fdaldal@sas.upenn.edu RA - Daldal F TI - Overexpression of ccl1-2 can bypass the need for the putative apocytochrome chaperone CycH during the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes SO - Molecular Microbiology. 46(4):1069-1080, 2002 Nov. AS - Mol. Microbiol 2002 Nov;46(4):1069-1080 PU - BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD, P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.blackwell-science.com IS - 0950-382X MH - Escherichia-coli k-12 MH - Rhodobacter-capsulatus MH - Rhodopseudomonas-capsulata MH - Nitrogen-fixation MH - Photosynthetic growth MH - Genes MH - Range MH - Biosynthesis MH - Reductase MH - Requires. AB - In Gram-negative bacteria, including Rhodobacter capsulatus, the membrane protein CycH acts as a putative apocytochrome chaperone during the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes. CycH-null mutants are unable to produce various c-type cytochromes and sustain photosynthetic (Ps) growth that requires the cytochromes c(1) and c(2) or c(y). However, Ps(+) revertants are readily obtained only on minimal, but not on enriched, medium. To obtain further information about the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes, these suppressor mutants were studied. Complementation of a CycH-null mutant for Ps(+) growth by a genomic library constructed using DNA from a Ps(+) suppressor yielded a plasmid carrying the ccl1-2 operon, the products of which, Ccl1 and Ccl2, are also involved in the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes. DNA sequence analysis revealed that the complementing activity resulted from a single point mutation, G488A, located upstream of the coding region of ccl1-2. This mutation changed the -35 region of the ccl1-2 promoter from TTGGCC to TTGACC, improving its similarity to the consensus sequence of Escherichia coli a 70 dependent promoters. That the G488A mutation indeed enhanced transcription of ccl1-2 was demonstrated by the use of reporter gene fusions. An appropriate ccl1-2::lacZ transcriptional-translational fusion carrying the G488A mutation produced in R. capsulatus over 30-fold higher beta-galactosidase activity than a wild-type construct. Immunoblot analyses confirmed that Ccl1 and Ccl2 were overproduced in the Ps(+) suppressors. Deletion of either ccl1 or ccl2, from the ccl1-2 cluster carrying the G488A mutation abolished the complementing ability, indicating that overexpression of both ccl1 and ccl2 was required to confer the Ps+ phenotype on a CycH-null mutant. These findings therefore demonstrate that, during R. capsulatus growth on minimal medium, the requirement for CycH in c-type cytochrome biogenesis could be bypassed by overexpressing the ccl1-2 operon. [References: 47] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Daldal F Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Inst Plant Sci Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Inst Plant Sci Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA Washington Univ, Dept Biol St Louis, MO 63130 USA <26> UI - 618CQ-0015 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618CQ AU - Porter SL AU - Warren AV AU - Martin AC AU - Armitage JP MA - armitage@bioch.ox.ac.uk RA - Armitage JP TI - The third chemotaxis locus of Rhodobacter sphaeroides is essential for chemotaxis SO - Molecular Microbiology. 46(4):1081-1094, 2002 Nov. AS - Mol. Microbiol 2002 Nov;46(4):1081-1094 PU - BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD, P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.blackwell-science.com IS - 0950-382X MH - Bacterial chemotaxis MH - Signal-transduction MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Chey genes MH - Protein MH - Phosphorylation MH - Phosphotransfer MH - Identification MH - Binding MH - Kinase. AB - The purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides has three loci encoding multiple homologues of the bacterial chemosensory proteins: 13 putative chemoreceptors, four CheW, four CheA, six CheY, two CheB and three CheR. Previously, studies have shown that, although deletion of cheOp(1) led to only minor changes in behaviour, deletion of cheOp(2) led to a loss of taxis. The third locus encodes two CheA, one CheR, one CheB, one CheW, one CheY, a putative cytoplasmic chemoreceptor (TIpT) and a protein showing homology to the chromosomal partitioning factor Sol (designated Sip). Here, we show that every protein encoded by this locus is essential for normal chemotaxis. Phototaxis is also dependent upon all the components of this locus, except CheB(2) and Sip. The two putative CheA proteins encoded in this locus are unusual. CheA(3) has only the P1 domain and the P5 regulatory domain linked by a large internal domain, whereas CheA(4) lacks the P1 and P2 domains required for phosphorylation and response regulator binding. These data indicate that the minimal set of proteins required for normal chemotaxis in R. sphaeroides is all the proteins encoded by cheOP(2) and the third chemotaxis locus, and that the multiple chemosensory protein homologues found in R. sphaeroides are not redundant. [References: 39] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Armitage JP Univ Oxford, Dept Biochem, Microbiol Unit S Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3QU England Univ Oxford, Dept Biochem, Microbiol Unit Oxford OX1 3QU England <27> UI - 618YH-0001 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618YH AU - Economou A MA - aeconomo@imbb.forth.gr RA - Economou A TI - Bacterial secretome: the assembly manual and operating instructions (review) [Review] SO - Molecular Membrane Biology. 19(3):159-169, 2002 Jul-Sep. AS - Mol. Membr. Biol 2002 Jul-Sep;19(3):159-169 PU - TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.tandf.co.uk IS - 0968-7688 MH - Protein translocase MH - Chaperone MH - Signal peptidase MH - Seca MH - Secyeg MH - Secdf MH - Atpase MH - Motor protein MH - Membrane transporter. MH - Escherichia-coli seca MH - Proton motive force MH - Precursor protein translocation MH - Rna helicase activity MH - Distinct atp-binding MH - Preprotein translocase MH - Membrane-proteins MH - Signal peptidases MH - Bacillus-subtilis MH - Plasma-membrane. AB - Bacterial protein secretion is a complex multi-stage reaction that is central to membrane and cell wall biosynthesis and essential for cell viability. An impressive array of experimental tools have been used to dissect this reaction into discreet sub-reactions. Synthesis of these data reveals a fascinating cascade of inter- and. intra-molecular interactions that select, sort and target secretory polypeptides to the membrane and then spend metabolic energy to bias their vectorial movement across the membrane plane through a lipid-inaccessible proteinaceous environment. Transmembrane crossing is catalyzed by protein translocase, an astonishingly dynamic molecular machine. The unusual molecular features of the Sec pathway components allows a handful of proteins to catalyze the export of hundreds of secretory polypeptide substrates with astonishing fidelity. Knowledge of the molecular details of the secretion pathway allows us to rationally exploit these features in heterologous protein production biotechnologies and in the development of novel antibiotics. [References: 132] LG - English PT - Review SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Cell & Developmental Biology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Economou A Univ Crete, FORTH, Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol POB 1527 GR-71110 Iraklion Greece Univ Crete, FORTH, Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol GR-71110 Iraklion Greece Univ Crete, Dept Biol GR-71110 Iraklion Greece <28> UI - 621BK-0007 DD - ISI Document Solution: 621BK AU - Ojaimi J AU - Pan JM AU - Santra S AU - Snell WJ AU - Schon EA MA - eas3@columbia.edu RA - Schon EA TI - An algal nucleus-encoded subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase rescues a defect in the analogous human mitochondrial-encoded subunit SO - Molecular Biology of the Cell. 13(11):3836-3844, 2002 Nov. AS - Mol. Biol. Cell 2002 Nov;13(11):3836-3844 PU - AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY, 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA. URL: http://www.ascb.org IS - 1059-1524 MH - Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis MH - Nadh-quinone oxidoreductase MH - Cytochrome-c-oxidase MH - Chlamydomonas-reinhardtii MH - Yeast mitochondria MH - Complete sequence MH - Mammalian-cells MH - Gene-therapy MH - Dna mutation MH - Disease. AB - Unlike most organisms, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green alga, does not encode subunit 6 of F0F1-ATP synthase. We hypothesized that C. reinhardtii ATPase 6 is nucleus encoded and identified cDNAs and a single-copy nuclear gene specifying this subunit (CrATP6, with eight exons, four of which encode a mitochondrial targeting signal). Although the algal and human ATP6 genes are in different subcellular compartments and the encoded polypeptides are highly diverged, their secondary structures are remarkably similar. When CrATP6 was expressed in human cells, a significant amount of the precursor polypeptide was targeted to mitochondria, the mitochondrial targeting signal was cleaved within the organelle, and the mature polypeptide was assembled into human ATP synthase. In spite of the evolutionary distance between algae and mammals, C. reinhardtii ATPase 6 functioned in human cells, because deficiencies in both cell viability and ATP synthesis in transmitochondrial cell lines harboring a pathogenic mutation in the human mtDNA-encoded ATP6 gene were overcome by expression of CrATP6. The ability to express a nucleus-encoded version of a mammalian mtDNA-encoded protein may provide a way to import other highly hydrophobic proteins into mitochondria and could serve as the basis for a gene therapy approach to treat human mitochondrial diseases. [References: 49] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Cell & Developmental Biology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Schon EA Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Neurol 630 W 168th St New York, NY 10032 USA Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Neurol New York, NY 10032 USA Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Genet & Dev New York, NY 10032 USA Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Cell Biol Dallas, TX 75390 USA <29> UI - 617LN-0023 DD - ISI Document Solution: 617LN AU - Killmann H AU - Herrmann C AU - Torun A AU - Jung G AU - Braun V MA - hki@mikrobio.uni-tuebingen.de RA - Killmann H TI - TonB of Escherichia coli activates FhuA through interaction with the beta-barrel SO - Microbiology. 148(Part 11):3497-3509, 2002 Nov. AS - Microbiology-(UK) 2002 Nov;148(Part 11):3497-3509 PU - SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY, MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/default.htm IS - 1350-0872 MH - Ferrichrome transport MH - Tonb peptides MH - Pantoea agglomerans. MH - Dependent receptor proteins MH - Outer-membrane transport MH - Crystal-structure MH - Ligand-binding MH - Copy-number MH - Expression MH - Domain MH - System MH - Fepa MH - Site. AB - FhuA is a multifunctional protein in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli that actively transports Fe3+-ferrichrome and the antibiotics albomycin and rifamycin CGP 4832, and serves as a receptor for the unrelated phages T5, T1, phi80 and UC-1, colicin M and microcin J25. The energy source for active transport is the proton-motive force of the cytoplasmic membrane, which is required for all FhuA functions except infection by phage T5, and is thought to be mediated to the outer-membrane receptor FhuA by the TonB protein. The crystal structure of FhuA consists of a beta-barrel that is closed by a globular domain. The proximal region carries the TonB box (residues 7-11), for which genetic evidence exists that it interacts with the region around residue 160 of TonB. However, deletion of the TonB box along with the globular domain results in a protein, FhuADelta5-160, that still displays TonB-dependent active ferrichrome transport across the outer membrane and confers sensitivity to the FhuA ligands. In this study synthetic nonapeptides identical in sequence to amino acids 150-158, 151-159, 152-160, 153-161 and 158-166 of TonB were shown to reduce ferrichrome transport of cells via wild-type FhuA and the corkless derivative FhuADelta5-160, which suggests that this TonB region is involved in the interaction of TonB with the beta-barrel of FhuA. TonB missense mutants reduced the activity of FhuA and FhuADelta5-160. TonB proteins of different Enterobacteriaceae activated FhuA and FhuADelta5-160 to a similar degree. TonB of Pantoea agglomerans displayed low activity in an E. coli tonB mutant. Sequencing of the tonB gene of A agglomerans revealed differences from E. coli TonB in the region around residue 160 of the deduced protein; these differences might contribute to the lower activity of the P. agglomerans TonB protein when coupled to the E. coli FhuA protein. The data support the theory that the beta-barrel receives the energy from the cytoplasmic membrane via TonB and responds to the energy input and thus represents the transporting domain of FhuA. [References: 43] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Killmann H Univ Tubingen D-72076 Tubingen Germany Univ Tubingen D-72076 Tubingen Germany <30> UI - 617LN-0028 DD - ISI Document Solution: 617LN AU - Mesa S AU - Velasco L AU - Manzanera ME AU - Delgado MJ AU - Bedmar EJ MA - ejbedmar@eez.csic.es RA - Bedmar EJ TI - Characterization of the norCBQD genes, encoding nitric oxide reductase, in the nitrogen fixing bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum SO - Microbiology. 148(Part 11):3553-3560, 2002 Nov. AS - Microbiology-(UK) 2002 Nov;148(Part 11):3553-3560 PU - SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY, MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/default.htm IS - 1350-0872 MH - Rhizobium MH - Nitrate MH - Denitrification MH - Nitric oxide reduction MH - Transcription MH - Regulation. MH - Paracoccus-denitrificans MH - Pseudomonas-stutzeri MH - Fnr family MH - Transcriptional regulators MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides-2.4.3 MH - Aeruginosa MH - Symbiosis MH - Cluster MH - Cloning MH - Complex. AB - The genes norCBQD that encode the bc-type nitric oxide reductase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 have been isolated and characterized. norC and norB encode the cytochrome c-containing subunit 11 and cytochrome b-containing subunit I of nitric oxide reductase, respectively. norQ encodes a protein with an ATP/GTP-binding motif, and the predicted norD gene product shows similarity with NorD from other denitrifiers. Mutational analysis indicates that the two structural norC and norB genes are required for microaerobic growth under nitrate-respiring conditions. A mutant strain lacking a functional norC gene also lacked the 16 kDa c-type cytochrome that is normally detectable by haem-staining of proteins from membranes of microaerobically grown wild-type cells. Expression of a transcriptional fusion of the nor promoter region to the reporter gene lacZ (P-norC-lacZ) was not detected in aerobically grown cells of USDA110, but the fusion was induced threefold when the cells were cultured under microaerobic conditions (1% O-2) with either nitrite or nitric oxide, and about 18-fold when nitrate was the N oxide present in the medium. The P-norC-lacZ fusion was not expressed in the B. japonicum fixK(2) mutant strain 9043, but complementation of the mutant with the fixK(2) gene restored beta-galactosiclase activity to levels similar to those found in the parental strain. The promoter region of the norCBQD genes has been characterized by primer extension. A major transcript initiates 45-5 bp downstream of the centre of a putative binding site for the transcription factor FixK(2). [References: 55] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Bedmar EJ CSIC, Estac Expt Zaidin, Dept Microbiol Suelo & Sistemas Simbiot E-18080 Granada Spain CSIC, Estac Expt Zaidin, Dept Microbiol Suelo & Sistemas Simbiot E-18080 Granada Spain Ctr Invest & Formac Hort E-04700 El Eijido Almeria Spain Univ Cambridge, Inst Biotechnol Cambridge CB2 1QT England <31> UI - 618QH-0038 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618QH AU - Lodeiro P AU - Herrero R AU - de Vicente MES RA - de Vicente MES TI - Electroreduction of diphenyl disulfide on a self-assembled lipid monolayer on mercury SO - Langmuir. 18(24):9377-9382, 2002 Nov 26. AS - Langmuir 2002 Nov 26;18(24):9377-9382 PU - AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA. URL: http://pubs.acs.org IS - 0743-7463 MH - Phospholipid monolayers MH - Phosphatidic-acid MH - Intrinsic pk(a) MH - Water interface MH - Proton-transfer MH - Phosphatidylcholine MH - Electrodes MH - Ubiquinone-10 MH - Membranes MH - Values. AB - In the present work, a voltammetric study of permeability and redox behavior of diphenyl disulfide (Ph2S2) through a self-assembled monolayer of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine adsorbed on mercury is carried out; the results are compared with those obtained on a bare electrode; in this case, the reduction of Ph2S2 proceeds in a reversible way with the formation of a mercurial compound. The presence of the monolayer of phospholipid provokes an increase in the process irreversibility. Different mechanisms based on Ph2S2 adsorption either directly on a mercury drop or on phospholipids heads are proposed. The charge associated with the adsorbed Ph2S2 electroreduction was employed to calculate its solubility, and the method is compared with semiempirical expressions proposed in the literature for obtaining approximate values of solubility. [References: 31] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Physical Chemistry/Chemical Physics in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: de Vicente MES Univ A Coruna, Dept Quim Fis & Ingn Quim 1 Alejandro Sota 1 La Coruna 15071 Spain Univ A Coruna, Dept Quim Fis & Ingn Quim 1 La Coruna 15071 Spain <32> UI - 618QH-0055 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618QH AU - Courty S AU - Lebeau L AU - Martel L AU - Lenne PF AU - Balavoine F AU - Dischert W AU - Konovalov O AU - Mioskowski C AU - Legrand JF AU - Venien-Bryan C MA - lebeau@aspirine.u-strasbg.fr, venien@biop.ox.ac.uk RA - Lebeau L TI - Two-dimensional crystallization of a histidine-tagged protein on monolayers of fluidity-enhanced Ni2+-chelating lipids SO - Langmuir. 18(24):9502-9512, 2002 Nov 26. AS - Langmuir 2002 Nov 26;18(24):9502-9512 PU - AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA. URL: http://pubs.acs.org IS - 0743-7463 MH - Air-water-interface MH - Brewster-angle microscopy MH - 2-dimensional crystallization MH - Phase-transitions MH - Electron crystallography MH - Rhodobacter-capsulatus MH - Soluble-proteins MH - Diffraction MH - Crystals MH - Visualization. AB - Protein two-dimensional (2D) crystallization on lipid monolayers is a powerful method for structure determination. This method has been extended using the specific and strong interaction between histidine residues (of an overexpressed protein) and Ni2+ ions tethered at the headgroup of synthetic lipids, Understanding and then improving the process of adsorption and crystallization of proteins on a lipid monolayer are prerequisites for the production of large and well-ordered crystals of any soluble or membrane,His-tagged proteins. These large high-quality arrays are necessary for structural studies at high resolution. We have investigated the steps of adsorption and 2D crystallization of His-HupR using three different lipids: (i) 2-(bis-carboxymethyl-amino)-6-[2-(1,3-di-O-oleyl-glyceroxy)-acetyl-a mino] hexanoic acid nickel-(II) (Ni-NTA-DOGA), which has been previously used, and two specifically designed Ni2+-chelating lipids, (ii) Ni-NTA-BB, which has two branched (B) alkyl chains and (iii) Ni-NTA-BF, a nonsymmetrical lipid with one branched (B) and one fluorinated (F) chain. These three lipids, when spread at the air-water interface, exhibit various fluidity properties. The adsorption and crystallization process have been monitored in situ band in real time using a variety of complementary techniques such as ellipsometry, shear rigidity measurements of the monolayer, and Brewster angle microscopy, and we have also developed X-ray :reflectivity analysis to investigate the evolution of the electron density profile of the lipid-protein monolayer. Electron microscopy observations of the protein-lipid layers were also performed. We have found that the fluidity of the lipid monolayer has a marked influence on the rates of protein adsorption and crystallization of His-HupR. When Ni-NTA-BB is used to form the monolayer, it accelerates the process of protein adsorption band the protein crystallization is three times faster than when Ni-NTA-DOGA is used. [References: 37] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Physical Chemistry/Chemical Physics in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Lebeau L CNRS, CEA, Inst Biol Struct Jean Pierre Ebel F-38027 Grenoble 1 France CNRS, CEA, Inst Biol Struct Jean Pierre Ebel F-38027 Grenoble 1 France Univ Louis Pasteur Strasbourg 1, CNRS, Lab Chim Organ Appliquee Associe F-67401 Illkirch Graffenstaden France Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5419,DRFMC F-38054 Grenoble 9 France Univ Grenoble 1, Spectrometrie Phys Lab, CNRS F-38042 Grenoble France CEA, DBCM, Serv Mol Marquees F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette France CEA Grenoble, DBMS F-38054 Grenoble 9 France Univ Oxford, Mol Biophys Lab Oxford OX1 3QU England <33> UI - 617AE-0022 DD - ISI Document Solution: 617AE AU - Pushkar YN AU - Zech SG AU - Stehlik D AU - Brown S AU - van der Est A AU - Zimmermann H MA - Stehlik@physik.fu-berlin.de, avde@brocku.ca RA - Stehlik D TI - Orientation and protein-cofactor interactions of monosubstituted n-alkyl naphthoquinones in the A(1) binding site of photosystem I SO - Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 106(46):12052-12058, 2002 Nov 21. AS - J. Phys. Chem. B 2002 Nov 21;106(46):12052-12058 PU - AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA. URL: http://pubs.acs.org IS - 1520-6106 MH - Biosynthetic-pathway mutants MH - Pair state p(700)(center-dot+)a(1)(center-dot-) MH - Electron-paramagnetic-resonance MH - G-tensor calculations MH - Reaction centers MH - Foreign quinone MH - Spin polarization MH - Epr spectroscopy MH - Radical pairs MH - Photosynthesis. AB - 1,4-Naphthoquinone (NQ) and its monosubstituted derivatives, 2-methyl, 2-ethyl, and 2-butyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, have been incorporated into the A, binding site of photosystem I (PS 1) after organic solvent extraction of the native phylloquinone. The charge separated state P(700)(+)NQ(-) has been studied by multifrequency transient EPR. The Q-band (35 GHz) spectra of fully deuterated 2-methyl-1,4-NQ-d(8) and 2-ethyl-1,4-NQ-d(10) show sufficient spectral resolution for the orientation of the quinone g tensor and thus the headgroup of the molecule to be determined. All orientation parameters of the substituted NQs are found to be the same as those established for native phylloquinone in PS I. However, for 2-ethyl-1,4-NQ and 2-butyl-1,4-NQ the X- and Q-band spectra exhibit a well resolved 1:2:1 hyperfine splitting. From the fact that it is absent when the first methylene group of the side chain is selectively deuterated, the splitting is assigned to the hyperfine coupling of the methylene protons. The principal values of the axially symmetric hyperfine coupling tensor are determined to be \A(xx)\ = 12.2 MHz, \A(yy)\ = 16.8 MHz, \A(zz)\ = 12.2 MHz, and a(iso) = 13.7 MHz. The large methylene proton hyperfine coupling arises from a high spin density on the ring carbon atom to which the alkyl tail is attached. This in turn suggests that only one of the carbonyl groups of 2-alkyl-1,4-NQ is H-bonded to the protein and that the alkyl tail must be in the ortho position relative to the carbonyl group with the H bond. This implies that the alkyl side chain of the substituted NQs resides in the space normally occupied by the methyl group of phylloquinone and not that of the phytyl tail, which is meta to the H-bonded carbonyl group according to the X-ray structure. In addition, the hyperfine tensor indicates that the first two C-C bonds of the alkyl tail must be coplanar with the aromatic ring. However, the X-ray structure of PS I shows, for the native phylloquinone, that the phytyl tail is bent out of the quinone plane with the second C-C bond. [References: 26] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Physical Chemistry/Chemical Physics in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Stehlik D Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys Arnimallee 14 D-14195 Berlin Germany Free Univ Berlin, Inst Expt Phys D-14195 Berlin Germany Brock Univ, Dept Chem St Catharines ON L2S 3A1 Canada Max Planck Inst Med Res D-69120 Heidelberg Germany <34> UI - 617AE-0024 DD - ISI Document Solution: 617AE AU - Borovykh IV AU - Kulik LV AU - Dzuba SA AU - Hoff AJ RA - Borovykh IV TI - Out-of-phase stimulated electron spin-echo appearing in the evolution of spin-correlated photosynthetic triplet-radical pairs SO - Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 106(46):12066-12071, 2002 Nov 21. AS - J. Phys. Chem. B 2002 Nov 21;106(46):12066-12071 PU - AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA. URL: http://pubs.acs.org IS - 1520-6106 MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides r26 MH - Reaction centers MH - Primary donor MH - Cryogenic temperatures MH - State MH - Epr MH - Eseem MH - Polarization MH - Spectroscopy MH - Dependence. AB - A strong out-of-phase stimulated electron spin-echo is observed for the Q(A)(-) radical in the spin-correlated triplet-radical pair (3)PQ(A)(-) in photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers. The formation of this echo is shown to be induced by spin polarization of Q(A)(-) and by decay of the triplet state. The out-of-phase and in-phase echoes show deep envelope modulation induced by electron-electron dipole interaction between the partners in the pair, The analysis of this modulation provides dipolar frequencies. The interspin distance in (3)PQ(A)(-) is shown to be the same as in the radical pair P(+)Q(A)(-). This new type of experiment appears to be widely applicable for the study of chemical reactions and intermolecular distances in solids. [References: 27] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Physical Chemistry/Chemical Physics in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Borovykh IV Leiden Univ, Huygens Lab, Dept Biophys POB 9504 NL-2300 RA Leiden Netherlands Leiden Univ, Huygens Lab, Dept Biophys NL-2300 RA Leiden Netherlands Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust Novosibirsk 630090 Russia <35> UI - 619DE-0020 DD - ISI Document Solution: 619DE AU - Wang HD AU - Iacoangeli A AU - Popp S AU - Muslimov IA AU - Imataka H AU - Sonenberg N AU - Lomakin IB AU - Tiedge H MA - tiedge@hscbklyn.edu RA - Tiedge H TI - Dendritic BC1 RNA: Functional role in regulation of translation initiation SO - Journal of Neuroscience. 22(23):10232-10241, 2002 Dec 1. AS - J. Neurosci 2002 Dec 1;22(23):10232-10241 PU - SOC NEUROSCIENCE, 11 DUPONT CIRCLE, NW, STE 500, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA IS - 0270-6474 MH - Neuronal nontranslatable rnas MH - Localized rnas MH - Local protein synthesis MH - Dendritic translation MH - Postsynaptic microdomains MH - Synaptic plasticity. MH - Local protein-synthesis MH - Cap-dependent translation MH - Internal ribosomal entry MH - Neuronal messenger-rnas MH - Hippocampal-neurons MH - Poly(a)-binding protein MH - Binding-protein MH - Cytoplasmic polyadenylation MH - Molecular mechanisms MH - Growth cone. AB - In neurons, local protein synthesis in synaptodendritic microdomains has been implicated in the growth and plasticity of synapses. Prerequisites for local translation are the targeted transport of RNAs to distal sites of synthesis in dendrites and translational control mechanisms to limit synthesis to times of demand. Here we identify dendritic BC1 RNA as a specific repressor of translation. Experimental use of internal ribosome entry mechanisms and sucrose density gradient centrifugation showed that BC1-mediated repression targets translation at the level of initiation. Specifically, BC1 RNA inhibited formation of the 48S preinitiation complex, i.e., recruitment of the small ribosomal subunit to the messenger RNA (mRNA). However, 48S complex formation that is independent of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4 (eIF4) family of initiation factors was found to be refractory to inhibition by BC1 RNA, a result that implicates at least one of these factors in the BC1 repression pathway. Biochemical experiments indicated a specific interaction of BC1 RNA with eIF4A, an RNA unwinding factor, and with poly( A)-binding protein. Both proteins were found enriched in synaptodendritic microdomains. Significantly, BC1-mediated repression was shown to be effective not only in cap-dependent translation initiation but also in eIF4-dependent internal initiation. The results suggest a functional role of BC1 RNA as a mediator of translational control in local protein synthesis in nerve cells. [References: 74] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Neurosciences & Behavior in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Tiedge H SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol 450 Clarkson Ave Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Program Mol & Cellular Biol Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA McGill Univ, Dept Biochem Montreal PQ H3G 1Y6 Canada McGill Univ, McGill Canc Ctr Montreal PQ H3G 1Y6 Canada SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurol Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA <36> UI - 619PX-0016 DD - ISI Document Solution: 619PX AU - Young AJ AU - Phillip DM AU - Hashimoto H MA - a.j.young@livjm.ac.uk RA - Young AJ TI - Ring-to-chain conformation may be a determining factor in the ability of xanthophylls to bind to the bulk light-harvesting complex of plants SO - Journal of Molecular Structure. 642(1-3):137-145, 2002 Dec 4. AS - J. Mol. Struct 2002 Dec 4;642(1-3):137-145 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.elsevier.nl IS - 0022-2860 MH - Carotenoid MH - Light-harvesting MH - Reconstitution MH - Structure MH - Xanthophyll. MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Energy MH - Reconstitution MH - Dissipation MH - Proteins. AB - The binding of xanthophylls to the main light-harvesting complex (LHC) of higher plants has been studied using the technique of in vitro reconstitution. This demonstrated that the carotenoid diol lactucaxanthin (native to many LHC) would not support the assembly of LHC whilst other diols, notably zeaxanthin and lutein would. Analysis of the most stable forms of the carotenoid end-groups found in xanthophylls native to higher plant LHC (as determined by theoretical calculations) revealed profound differences in the adiabatic potential energy curves for the C5-C6-C7-C8-torsion angle for the e end-groups in lactucaxanthin (6-s-trans), in comparison to carotenoids possessing a 3-hydroxy beta end-group (zeaxanthin; 6-s-cis), 3-hydroxy-4-keto beta end-group (astaxanthin, 6-s-cis) or a 3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy end-group (violaxanthin, distorted 6-s-cis). The epsilon end-groups of other carotenoids studied were 6-s-trans. We examine the possible relationship between carotenoid ring-to-chain conformation and binding to LHC. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 25] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Physical Chemistry/Chemical Physics in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Young AJ Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Biol & Earth Sci Byrom St Liverpool L3 3AF Merseyside England Liverpool John Moores Univ, Sch Biol & Earth Sci Liverpool L3 3AF Merseyside England Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Sumiyoshi Ku Osaka 5588585 Japan <37> UI - 620JP-0003 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620JP AU - Porter SL AU - Armitage JP MA - armitage@bioch.ox.ac.uk RA - Armitage JP TI - Phosphotransfer in Rhodobacter sphaeroides chemotaxis SO - Journal of Molecular Biology. 324(1):35-45, 2002 Nov 15. AS - J. Mol. Biol 2002 Nov 15;324(1):35-45 PU - ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.apnet.com IS - 0022-2836 MH - Rhodobacter sphaeroides MH - Bacterial chemotaxis MH - Phosphotransfer MH - Histidine protein kinase MH - Chey. MH - 2-component signal-transduction MH - Chey-binding domain MH - Bacterial chemotaxis MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Protein-phosphorylation MH - Regulatory domain MH - Kinase MH - Histidine MH - Identification MH - Pathway. AB - The two-component sensing system controlling bacterial chemotaxis is one of the best studied in biology. Rhodobacter sphaeroides has a complex chemosensory pathway comprising two histidine protein kinases (CheAs) and eight downstream response regulators (six CheYs and two CheBs) rather than the single copies of each as in Escherichia coli. We used in vitro analysis of phosphotransfer to start to determine why R. sphaeroides has these multiple homologues. CheA(1) and CheA(2) contain all the key motifs identified in the histidine protein kinase family, except for conservative substitutions (F-L and F-I) within the F box of CheA(2) and both are capable of ATP-dependent autophosphorylation. While the K-m values for ATP of CheA(1) and CheA(2) were similar to that of E. coli, the k(cat) value was three times lower, but similar to that measured for the related Sinorhizobium meliloti CheA. However, the two CheAs differed both in their ability to phosphorylate the various response regulators and the rates of phosphotransfer. CheA(2) phosphorylated all of the CheYs and both CheBs, whilst CheA, did not phosphorylate either CheB and phosphorylated only the response regulators encoded within its own genetic locus (CheY(1), CheY(2), and CheY(5)) and CheY(3). The dephosphorylation rates of the R. sphaeroides CheBs were much slower than the E. coli CheB. The dephosphorylation rate of CheY(6), encoded by the third chemosensory locus, was ten times faster than that of the E. coli CheY. However, the dephosphorylation rates of the remaining R. sphaeroides CheYs were comparable to that of E. coli CheY (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 41] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Molecular Biology & Genetics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Armitage JP Univ Oxford, Dept Biochem, Microbiol Unit S Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3QU England Univ Oxford, Dept Biochem, Microbiol Unit Oxford OX1 3QU England <38> UI - 619WF-0007 DD - ISI Document Solution: 619WF AU - Verity PG AU - Wassmann P AU - Frischer ME AU - Howard-Jones MH AU - Allen AE MA - peter@skio.peachnet.edu RA - Verity PG TI - Grazing of phytoplankton by microzooplankton in the Barents Sea during early summer SO - Journal of Marine Systems. 38(1-2):109-123, 2002 Dec. AS - J. Mar. Syst 2002 Dec;38(1-2):109-123 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.elsevier.nl IS - 0924-7963 MH - Arctic MH - Primary production MH - Grazing MH - Zooplankton MH - Barents sea MH - Q(10) MH - Size class. MH - Marginal ice-zone MH - North norwegian shelf MH - Calanus-finmarchicus MH - Growth-rates MH - Narragansett bay MH - Image-analysis MH - Spring bloom MH - Nanoplankton MH - Dynamics MH - Carbon. AB - Phytoplankton growth rates and grazing losses to microzooplankton were determined in surface waters of the central Barents Sea during a cruise in June/July 1999. Five stations were occupied which had been studied repeatedly over the past 15-20 years. Dilution experiments using chlorophyll a (chl a) as a tracer were used to estimate daily rates in three size fractions; image-analyzed fluorescence microscopy provided quantitative estimates of standing stocks of auto- and heterotrophic nano-and microplankton. Phytoplankton contributed the largest share of protistan biomass, followed by bacteria and microzooplankton. On average, nanophytoplankton (<20 mum) contributed half of the microphytoplankton (<200 mum) biomass. All stocks were low relative to peak spring bloom concentrations reported in previous years. Different taxonomic groups of microzooplankton were relatively more important under the ice, in the marginal ice zone (MIZ), and in open water. Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates were 0.1 to 0.5 day(-1), and were closely coupled. Neither growth nor grazing rates alone was closely related to phytoplankton biomass, but the net difference between growth and grazing explained about 2/3 of the variance in chl a standing stocks. Grazing losses ranged from 64% to 97% of daily chl a production, and were greater for smaller size fractions. Growth and grazing coefficients of all size classes exhibited Q(10)'s of 2-3. These results support the growing body of evidence that small-celled phytoplankton and zooplankton are ubiquitous and important in cold waters as well as temperate and tropical ecosystems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 54] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Earth Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Verity PG Skidaway Inst Oceanog 10 Ocean Sci Circle Savannah, GA 31411 USA Skidaway Inst Oceanog Savannah, GA 31411 USA Univ Tromso, Norwegian Coll Fishery Sci N-9000 Tromso Norway <39> UI - 620HH-0006 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620HH AU - Qian P AU - Mizoguchi T AU - Fujii R AU - Hara K MA - p.qian@sheffield.ac.uk RA - Qian P TI - Conformation analysis of carotenoids in the purple bacterium Rhodobium marinum based on NMR spectroscopy and AM1 calculation SO - Journal of Chemical Information & Computer Sciences. 42(6):1311-1319, 2002 Nov-Dec. AS - J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci 2002 Nov-Dec;42(6):1311-1319 PU - AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA. URL: http://pubs.acs.org IS - 0095-2338 MH - Light-harvesting complex MH - Rhodopseudomonas-marina MH - Crystal-structure MH - Core-complex MH - Antenna complex MH - B820-subunit MH - Purification. AB - Five carotenoids existing in the purple bacterium of Rhodobium marinum, lycopene, anhydrorhodovibrin, spirilloxanthin, rhodopin, and rhodovibrin, were isolated and purified. Their configurations in the chromophore region and conformations of the terminal part were determined by 1D, 2D H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, The semiempirical quantum chemical calculation AMI was subsequently performed using the rough 3-D structures established by NOE correlations as an initial input. The final optimized structures are coincident with H-1-H-1 NOE correlations and match with the X-ray crystallographic data of carotenoids, The calculation results show that chemically symmetrical carotenoids have a C-i point group. The C-i point group of molecules was destroyed by asymmetrical terminal part although the polyene chain still keeps it roughly. The polyene region of investigated carotenoids are in all-trans with slightly twisted in-plane and slight out-plane forming s-shape carbon backbone due to the spatial interaction of the methyl groups. Terminal parts, on the other hand, have several stable conformers due to the freely rotatable single bonds, but they prefer to take extended conformations. [References: 21] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Chemistry in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Qian P Univ Sheffield, Dept Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Krebs Inst Biomolec Res Firth Court,Western Bank Sheffield S10 2TN S Yorkshire England Univ Sheffield, Dept Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Krebs Inst Biomolec Res Sheffield S10 2TN S Yorkshire England Kwansei Gakuin Univ, Fac Sci Nishinomiya Hyogo 6628501 Japan <40> UI - 618EE-0063 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618EE AU - St-Pierre J AU - Buckingham JA AU - Roebuck SJ AU - Brand MD MA - julie_stpierre@dfci.harvard.edu RA - St-Pierre J TI - Topology of superoxide production from different sites in the mitochondrial electron transport chain SO - Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277(47):44784-44790, 2002 Nov 22. AS - J. Biol. Chem 2002 Nov 22;277(47):44784-44790 PU - AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA. URL: http://www.asbmb.org IS - 0021-9258 MH - Free-radical production MH - Heart-mitochondria MH - Hydrogen-peroxide MH - Complex-i MH - Ubiquinone oxidoreductase MH - Transfer flavoprotein MH - Respiratory-chain MH - Generation MH - Oxygen MH - Rat. AB - We measured production of reactive oxygen species by intact mitochondria from rat skeletal muscle, heart, and liver under various experimental conditions. By using different substrates and inhibitors, we determined the sites of production (which complexes in the electron transport chain produced superoxide). By measuring hydrogen peroxide production in the absence and presence of exogenous superoxide dismutase, we established the topology of superoxide production (on which side of the mitochondrial inner membrane superoxide was produced). Mitochondria did not release measurable amounts of superoxide or hydrogen peroxide when respiring on complex I or complex II substrates. Mitochondria from skeletal muscle or heart generated significant amounts of superoxide from complex I when respiring on palmitoyl carnitine. They produced superoxide at considerable rates in the presence of various inhibitors of the electron transport chain. Complex I (and perhaps the fatty acid oxidation electron transfer flavoprotein and its oxidoreductase) released superoxide on the matrix side of the inner membrane, whereas center o of complex III released superoxide on the cytoplasmic side. These results do not support the idea that mitochondria produce considerable amounts of reactive oxygen species under physiological conditions. Our upper estimate of the proportion of electron flow giving rise to hydrogen peroxide with palmitoyl carnitine as substrate (0.15%) is more than an order of magnitude lower than commonly cited values. We observed no difference in the rate of hydrogen peroxide production between rat and pigeon heart mitochondria respiring on complex I substrates. However, when complex I was fully reduced using rotenone, rat mitochondria released significantly more hydrogen peroxide than pigeon mitochondria. This difference was solely due to an elevated concentration of complex I in rat compared with pigeon heart mitochondria. [References: 37] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: St-Pierre J Dana Farber Canc Inst SM 958 Boston, MA 02115 USA MRC Dunn Human Nutr Unit Cambridge CB2 2XY England <41> UI - 618EE-0064 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618EE AU - Jonassen T AU - Marbois BN AU - Faull KF AU - Clarke CF AU - Larsen PL MA - larsen@chem.ucla.edu RA - Larsen PL TI - Development and fertility in Caenorhabditis elegans clk-1 mutants depend upon transport of dietary coenzyme Q(8) to mitochondria SO - Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277(47):45020-45027, 2002 Nov 22. AS - J. Biol. Chem 2002 Nov 22;277(47):45020-45027 PU - AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA. URL: http://www.asbmb.org IS - 0021-9258 MH - Anaerobically functioning eukaryotes MH - Embryonic cell lineages MH - Saccharomyces-cerevisiae MH - Ubiquinone biosynthesis MH - Electron-transport MH - Life-span MH - Gene MH - Yeast MH - Protein MH - Chain. AB - The Caenorhabditis elegans clk-1 mutants lack coenzyme Q, and instead accumulate the biosynthetic intermediate demethoxy-Q(9) (DMQ(9)). clk-1 animals grow to reproductive adults, albeit slowly, if supplied with Q(8)-containing Escherichia coli. However, if Q is withdrawn from the diet, clk-1 animals either arrest development as young larvae or become sterile adults depending upon the stage at the time of the withdrawal. To understand this stage-dependent response to a Q-less diet, the quinone content was determined during development of wild-type animals. The quinone content varies in the different developmental stages in wild-type fed Q(8)-replete E. coli. The amounts peak at the second larval stage, which coincides with the stage of arrest of clk-1 larvae fed a Q-less diet from hatching. Levels of the endogenously synthesized DMQ(9) are high in the clk1(qmM30)-arrested larvae and sterile adults fed Q-less food. Comparison of quinones from animals fed a Q-replete or a Q-less diet establishes that the Q(8) present is assimilated from the E. coli. Furthermore, this E. colispecific Q(8) is present in mitochondria isolated from fertile clk-1(qm30) adults fed a Q-replete diet. These results suggest that the uptake and transport of dietary Q(8) to mitochondria prevent the arrest and sterility phenotypes of clk-1 mutants and that DMQ is not functionally equivalent to Q. [References: 51] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Larsen PL Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem 607 Charles E Young Dr E Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA <42> UI - 618EE-0111 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618EE AU - Park SG AU - Kang YS AU - Ahn YH AU - Lee SH AU - Kim KR AU - Kim KW AU - Koh GY AU - Ko YG AU - Kim S MA - sungkim@snu.ac.kr RA - Kim S TI - Dose-dependent biphasic activity of tRNA synthetase-associating factor, p43, in angiogenesis SO - Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277(47):45243-45248, 2002 Nov 22. AS - J. Biol. Chem 2002 Nov 22;277(47):45243-45248 PU - AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA. URL: http://www.asbmb.org IS - 0021-9258 MH - Transfer-rna-synthetase MH - Activating polypeptide-ii MH - Protein-protein interactions MH - Human endothelial-cells MH - In-vitro MH - Multisynthetase complex MH - Induced apoptosis MH - Atp synthase MH - Cytokine MH - Jnk. AB - Mammalian aminoacyl tRNA synthetases form a macromolecular protein complex with three non-enzymatic cofactors. Among these factors, p43 is also secreted to work as a cytokine on endothelial as well as immune cells. Here we investigated the activity of p43 in angiogenesis and determined the related mediators. It promoted the migration of endothelial cells at low dose but induced their apoptosis at high dose. p43 at low concentration activated extracellular signal-regulating kinase, which resulted in the induction and activation of matrix metalloproteinase 9. In contrast, p43 at high concentration activated Jun N-terminal kinase, which mediated apoptosis of endothelial cells. These results suggest that p43 is a novel cytokine playing a dose-dependent biphasic role in angiogenesis. [References: 43] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Kim S Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Ctr ARS Network, Kwanak Ku San 56-1,Shillim Dong Seoul 151746 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr ARS Network Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Pharm, Angiogenesis Res Lab Seoul 151742 South Korea Postech, Natl Creat Res Initiat Ctr Cardiac Regenerat Pohang 790784 South Korea <43> UI - 620JB-0062 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620JB AU - Evguenieva-Hackenberg E AU - Schiltz E AU - Klug G MA - Elena.Evguenieva-Hackenberg@mikro.bio.uni-giessen.de RA - Evguenieva-Hackenberg E TI - Dehydrogenases from all three domains of life cleave RNA SO - Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277(48):46145-46150, 2002 Nov 29. AS - J. Biol. Chem 2002 Nov 29;277(48):46145-46150 PU - AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA. URL: http://www.asbmb.org IS - 0021-9258 MH - Hepatitis-a virus MH - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase MH - Rhodobacter-capsulatus MH - Binding-protein MH - Ribozyme catalysis MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Rossmann fold MH - Identification MH - Ribonuclease MH - Sequence. AB - Specific interactions of glyceraldehy-de-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) with RNA have been reported both in vitro and in vivo. We show that eukaryotic and bacterial GAPDH and two proteins from. the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus, which are annotated as dehydrogenases, cleave RNA producing similar degradation patterns. RNA cleavage is most efficient at 60 degreesC, at MgCl2, concentrations up to 5 mm, and takes place between pyrimidine and adenosine. The RNase active center of the putative aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase from S. solfataricus is located within the N-terminal 73 amino acids, which comprise the first mononucleotide-binding site (if the predicted Rossmann fold. Thus, RNA cleavage has to be taken into account in the ongoing discussion of the possible biological function of RNA binding by dehydrogenases. [References: 33] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Evguenieva-Hackenberg E Univ Giessen, Inst Mikrobiol & Mol Biol Heinrich Buff Ring 26-32 D-35392 Giessen Germany Univ Giessen, Inst Mikrobiol & Mol Biol D-35392 Giessen Germany Univ Freiburg, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem D-79104 Freiburg Germany <44> UI - 620JB-0091 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620JB AU - de Keyzer J AU - van der Does C AU - Driessen AJM MA - a.j.m.driessen@biol.rug.nl RA - Driessen AJM TI - Kinetic analysis of the translocation of fluorescent precursor proteins into Escherichia coli membrane vesicles SO - Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277(48):46059-46065, 2002 Nov 29. AS - J. Biol. Chem 2002 Nov 29;277(48):46059-46065 PU - AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA. URL: http://www.asbmb.org IS - 0021-9258 MH - Proton motive force MH - Plasma-membrane MH - Signal sequence MH - Seca protein MH - Preprotein translocation MH - Secretory protein MH - Catalytic cycle MH - Binding MH - Domain MH - Proompa. AB - Protein secretion in Escherichia coli is mediated by translocase, a multi-subunit membrane protein complex with SecA as ATP-driven motor protein and the SecYEG complex as translocation pore. A fluorescent assay was developed to facilitate kinetic studies of protein translocation. Single cysteine mutants of proOmpA were site-specific labeled with fluorescent dyes, and the SecA and ATP-dependent translocation into inner membrane vesicles and SecYEG proteoliposomes was monitored by means of protease accessibility and in gel fluorescent imaging. The translocation of fluorescently labeled proOmpA was largely independent on the position and the size of the fluorescent label (up to a size of 13-16 Angstrom). A fluorophore at the +4 position blocked translocation, but inhibition was completely relieved in the PrlA4 mutant. The kinetics of translocation of the fluorescently labeled proOmpA could be directly monitored by means of fluorescence quenching. Inner Membrane vesicles containing wild-type SecYEG were found to translocate proOmpA with a turnover of 4.5 molecules proOmpA/ SecYEG complex/min and an apparent K-m of 180 nm, whereas the PrlA4 mutant showed an almost 10-fold increase in turnover rate and a 3-fold increase of the apparent K-m for proOmpA translocation. [References: 29] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Driessen AJM Univ Groningen, Dept Microbiol, Groningen Biomol Sci & Biotechnol Inst Kerklaan 30 NL-9751 NN Haren Netherlands Univ Groningen, Dept Microbiol, Groningen Biomol Sci & Biotechnol Inst NL-9751 NN Haren Netherlands <45> UI - 620JB-0129 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620JB AU - Sherameti I AU - Sopory SK AU - Trebicka A AU - Pfannschmidt T AU - Oelmuller R MA - b7oera@uni-jena.de RA - Oelmuller R TI - Photosynthetic electron transport determines nitrate reductase gene expression and activity in higher plants SO - Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277(48):46594-46600, 2002 Nov 29. AS - J. Biol. Chem 2002 Nov 29;277(48):46594-46600 PU - AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA. URL: http://www.asbmb.org IS - 0021-9258 MH - Light-regulated expression MH - Messenger-rna levels MH - Nitrite-reductase MH - Spirodela-polyrhiza MH - Posttranscriptional regulation MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Transgenic tobacco MH - Plastidic factor MH - Oleracea leaves MH - Transcription. AB - The influence of photosynthetic electron flow in chloroplasts on the expression and enzyme activity of the cytosolic nitrate reductase (NR) was studied. Using light sources that predominantly excite either photosystem I (PSI) or photosystem II (PSII), we modulated photosynthetic electron transport in tobacco, Arabidopsis, and Lemna sprouts. In all instances, oxidation of components of photosynthetic electron flow by PSI light correlated with an increase in NR activity and/or transcription. This is confirmed by experiments with electron transport inhibitors 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1'-dimethyl urea and 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone. In addition, a Lemna mutant deficient in the cytochrome b(6)/f complex failed to respond to the different light sources and exhibited a constitutively high level of NR activity. These data indicate that NR is activated by the oxidized state of an electron transport component located after the plastoquinone pool. Am involvement of the cytoplasmic photoreceptor phytochrome A in this light regulation could be excluded, since an Arabidopsis phytochrome A mutant exhibited a wild-type like response. The observation that NR activity in the cytoplasm and the expression of its gene in the nucleus is controlled by signals from photosynthetic electron flow adds a new facet to the intracellular crosstalk between chloroplasts and the nucleus. [References: 64] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Oelmuller R Univ Jena, Dept Plant Physiol, Inst Gen Bot Dornburger Str 159 D-07743 Jena Germany Inst Allgemeine Bot, Lehrstuhl Pflanzenphysiol D-07743 Jena Germany <46> UI - 617YE-0001 DD - ISI Document Solution: 617YE AU - Pedersen PL MA - ppederse@jhmi.edu RA - Pedersen PL TI - Transport ATPases in biological systems and relationship to human disease: A brief overview SO - Journal of Bioenergetics & Biomembranes. 34(5):327-332, 2002 Oct. AS - J. Bioenerg. Biomembr 2002 Oct;34(5):327-332 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0145-479X MH - Atpase MH - Transport atpase MH - Ion-motive atpases MH - P-type atpase MH - V-type atpase MH - F-type atpase MH - Atp synthase MH - Abc transporters MH - Human disease. MH - Mitochondrial atp synthase MH - Proton pump inhibitors MH - Ion motive atpases MH - Crystal-structure MH - P-glycoprotein MH - Cell-function MH - Subunit MH - Mechanism MH - Mutations MH - Gene. AB - Interest in the field of transport ATPases has grown dramatically during the past 20 years and gained considerable visibility for several reasons. First, it was shown that most transport ATPases can be lumped into only a few categories designated simply as P, V, F, and ABC types, the latter consisting of a large superfamily. Second, it has been shown that many transport ATPases have a clear relevance to human disease. Third, the field of transport ATPases has become rather advanced in the study of the reaction mechanisms and structure-function relationships associated with several of these enzymes. Finally, the Nobel committee recently recognized major accomplishments in this field of research. Here, the author provides a brief discussion of transport ATPases that are present in biological systems and their relevance or possible relevance to human disease. [References: 58] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Pedersen PL Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem 725 N Wolfe St Baltimore, MD 21205 USA Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem Baltimore, MD 21205 USA <47> UI - 617YE-0008 DD - ISI Document Solution: 617YE AU - Medeiros DM AU - Jennings D MA - medeiros@ksu.edu RA - Medeiros DM TI - Role of copper in mitochondrial biogenesis via interaction with ATP synthase and cytochrome c oxidase SO - Journal of Bioenergetics & Biomembranes. 34(5):389-395, 2002 Oct. AS - J. Bioenerg. Biomembr 2002 Oct;34(5):389-395 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0145-479X MH - Atp synthase MH - Copper MH - Cytochrome c oxidase MH - Mitochondrial transcriptional factor a MH - Nuclear respiratory factors MH - Mitochondria. MH - Nuclear respiratory factor-1 MH - Transcription factor-a MH - Long-evans rat MH - Deficient rats MH - Dietary copper MH - Beta-subunit MH - Oxidative-phosphorylation MH - Gene-expression MH - Blood-pressure MH - Delta-subunit. AB - Animals that are copper deficient have cardiac hypertrophy where there is a dramatic increase in mitochondria. Mitochondrial biogenesis is enhanced in this model and there is an upregulation of mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) and nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 (NRF-1 and NRF-2). While the cuproenzyme, cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), is an attractive candidate to explain the connection between cardiac hypertrophy in copper deficiency and subsequent mitochondrial biogenesis, studies have revealed that ATP synthase may be impacted by copper depletion. NRF-1 and NRF-2 can bind to some of the subunits of both CCO and ATP synthase to regulate gene expression. Furthermore, oxidative phosphorylation appears to occur unaltered in the copper-deficient state. Copper-deficient mitochondria appear to be less sensitive to the inhibitory effect of oligomycin compared to controls. Decreases in the delta subunit protein and beta mRNA transcript have been reported for ATP synthase as a function of copper deficiency. The limited data available suggest that copper, either indirectly or directly, alters ATP synthase function. [References: 52] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Medeiros DM Kansas State Univ, Dept Human Nutr 213 Justin Hall Manhattan, KS 66506 USA Kansas State Univ, Dept Human Nutr Manhattan, KS 66506 USA <48> UI - 617YE-0009 DD - ISI Document Solution: 617YE AU - Chen XL AU - Jennings DB AU - Medeiros DM MA - Medeiros@ksu.edu RA - Medeiros DM TI - Impaired cardiac mitochondrial membrane potential and respiration in copper-deficient rats SO - Journal of Bioenergetics & Biomembranes. 34(5):397-406, 2002 Oct. AS - J. Bioenerg. Biomembr 2002 Oct;34(5):397-406 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0145-479X MH - Copper deficiency MH - Mitochondria MH - Atp synthase MH - Oligomycin MH - Membrane potential MH - Heart. MH - Atp synthase MH - Adenosine-triphosphatase MH - Superoxide-dismutase MH - Oxidase MH - Liver MH - Expression MH - Subunit MH - Protein MH - Hearts MH - Iron. AB - Cardiac mitochondrial respiration, ATP synthase activity, and membrane potential and intactness were evaluated in copper-deficient rats. In the presence of NADH, both copper-deficient and copper-adequate mitochondria had very low oxygen consumption rates, indicating membrane intactness. However copper-deficient mitochondria had significantly lower oxygen consumption rates with NADH than did copper-adequate mitochondria. Copper-deficient mitochondria had significantly lower membrane potential than did copper-adequate mitochondria using fluorescent dyes. Copper-deficient mitochondria had significantly lower state 3 oxygen consumption rates and were less sensitive to inhibition by oligomycin, an ATP synthase inhibitor. Copper-deficient and copper-adequate mitochondria responded similiarly to CCCP. No difference was observed in mitochondrial ATPase activity between copper-deficient and copper-adequate rats using submitochondrial particles. We conclude that cardiac mitochondrial respiration is compromised in copper-deficient rats, and may be related to an altered ATP synthase complex and/or a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. [References: 18] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Medeiros DM Kansas State Univ, Dept Human Nutr 213 Justin Hall Manhattan, KS 66506 USA Kansas State Univ, Dept Human Nutr Manhattan, KS 66506 USA <49> UI - 620JA-0001 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620JA AU - Huang LX AU - McCluskey MP AU - Ni H AU - LaRossa RA MA - Lisa.L.Huang@usa.dupont.com RA - Huang LX TI - Global gene expression profiles of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp strain PCC 6803 in response to irradiation with UV-B and white light SO - Journal of Bacteriology. 184(24):6845-6858, 2002 Dec. AS - J. Bacteriol 2002 Dec;184(24):6845-6858 PU - AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY, 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA. URL: http://www.asmusa.org IS - 0021-9193 MH - Subunit phycocyanobilin lyase MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Harvesting complex MH - D1 protein MH - Polypeptide MH - Degradation MH - Similarity MH - Radiation. AB - We developed a transcript profiling methodology to elucidate expression patterns of the cyanobacterium Synechoeystis sp. strain PCC 6803 and used the technology to investigate changes in gene expression caused by irradiation with either intermediate-wavelength UV light (tN-B) or high-intensity white light. Several families of transcripts were altered by UV-B treatment, including mRNAs specifying proteins involved in light harvesting, photosynthesis, photoprotection, and the heat shock response. In addition, UV-B light induced the stringent response in Synechocystis, as indicated by the repression of ribosomal protein transcripts and other mRNAs involved in translation. High-intensity white light- and UV-B-mediated expression profiles overlapped in the down-regulation of photosynthesis genes and induction of heat shock response but differed in several other transcriptional processes including those specifying carbon dioxide uptake and fixation, the stringent response, and the induction profile of the high-light-inducible proteins. These two profile comparisons not only corroborated known physiological changes but also suggested coordinated regulation of many pathways, including synchronized induction of D1 protein recycling and a coupling between decreased phycobilisome biosynthesis and increased phycobillisome degradation. Overall, the gene expression profile analysis generated new insights into the integrated network of genes that adapts rapidly to different wavelengths and intensities of light. [References: 35] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Huang LX DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn POB 80173 Wilmington, DE 19880 USA DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn Wilmington, DE 19880 USA <50> UI - 620NP-0004 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620NP AU - Bal-Price A AU - Moneer Z AU - Brown GC MA - akp26@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk RA - Bal-Price A TI - Nitric oxide induces rapid, calcium-dependent release of vesicular glutamate and ATP from cultured rat astrocytes SO - GLIA. 40(3):312-323, 2002 Dec. AS - Glia 2002 Dec;40(3):312-323 PU - WILEY-LISS, DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA. URL: http://www.wiley.com IS - 0894-1491 MH - Glia MH - Calcium MH - Inflammation MH - Excitotoxicity MH - Neurodegeneration. MH - Cerebellar granule cells MH - Intercellular ca2+ waves MH - Central-nervous-system MH - Reactive astrocytes MH - Alzheimers-disease MH - Microglial cells MH - Brain ischemia MH - Glial-cells MH - Ifn-gamma MH - In-situ. AB - Nitric oxide (NO; 1 muM) or an NO donor (500 muM diethylenetriamine-nitric oxide, DETA-NONOate) caused rapid glutamate and ATP release from cultured rat cortical astrocytes. NO-induced glutamate release was prevented by calcium chelators (EGTA or BAPTA-AM) and an inhibitor of vesicular exocytosis (botulinum neurotoxin C, BoTx-C), but not by a glutamate transport inhibitor, L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (t-PDC), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin), or an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), and was not induced by mitochondrial respiratory inhibitors (myxothiazol or azide). Similarly to glutamate, NO-induced ATP release was also completely blocked by BAPTA-AM and BoTx-C, suggesting again a vesicular, calcium-dependent mechanism of release. Addition of DETA-NONOate (500 muM) to fura-2-loaded astrocytes induced a rapid, transient increase in intracellular calcium levels followed by a lower, sustained level of calcium entry. The latter was blocked by gadolinium (1 muM), an inhibitor of capacitative Ca2+ entry. Thus, NO appears to cause rapid exocytosis of vesicular glutamate and ATP from astrocytes by raising intracellular calcium levels. Astrocytes activated by lipopolysaccharide/endotoxin and interferon-gamma to express inducible NO synthase (iNOS) maintained substantially higher extracellular glutamate levels than nonactivated cells or activated cells treated with an iNOS inhibitor (1400W), but the rate of glutamate uptake by these cells was similar. This suggests that NO from inflammatory-activated astrocytes causes release of astrocytic glutamate. NO-induced release of astrocytic glutamate and ATP may be important in physiological or pathological communication between astrocytes and neurons. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [References: 79] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Neurosciences & Behavior in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Bal-Price A Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem Tennis Court Rd Cambridge CB2 1QW England Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem Cambridge CB2 1QW England Univ Cambridge, Dept Pharmacol Cambridge CB2 1QW England <51> UI - 580DH-0018 DD - ISI Document Solution: 580DH AU - Ardelean I AU - Matthijs HCP AU - Havaux M AU - Joset F AU - Jeanjean R MA - jeanjean@ibsm.cnrs-mrs.fr RA - Jeanjean R TI - Unexpected changes in photosystem I function in a cytochrome c(6)-deficient mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 SO - FEMS Microbiology Letters. 213(1):113-119, 2002 Jul 16. AS - FEMS Microbiol. Lett 2002 Jul 16;213(1):113-119 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.elsevier.nl IS - 0378-1097 MH - Cytochrome c(6) MH - Flavodoxin MH - Photosystem i MH - P700 MH - Isiab MH - Petj. MH - Cyclic electron-transfer MH - Salt-stressed cells MH - Synechococcus sp MH - Strain pcc-6803 MH - Flavodoxin MH - Pcc6803 MH - Expression MH - Gene MH - Pcc-7942 MH - Photosynthesis. AB - Cytochrome c(6), the product of the petJ gene, is a photosynthetic electron carrier in cyanobacteria, which transfers electrons to photosystem I and which is synthesised under conditions of copper deficiency to functionally replace plastocyanin. The photosystem I photochemical activity (energy storage, photoinduced P700 redox changes) was examined in a petJ-null mutant of Synechocystis PCC 6803. Surprisingly, photosystem I activity in the petJ-null mutant grown in the absence of copper was not much affected. However, in a medium with a low inorganic carbon concentration and with NH4+ ion as nitrogen source, the mutant displayed growth inhibition. Analysis showed (C)that, especially in the latter, the isiAB operon, encoding flavodoxin and CP43', an additional chlorophyll a antenna, was strongly expressed in the mutant. These proteins are involved in photosystem I function and organisation and are proposed to assist in prevention of overoxidation of photosystem I at its lumenal side and overreduction at its stromal side. 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 32] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Jeanjean R CNRS, LCB 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier F-13402 Marseille 20 France CNRS, LCB F-13402 Marseille 20 France Univ Amsterdam, IBED, AMB NL-1018 WS Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Mediterranee, UMR 163 CNRS, CEA,DEVM, DSV,Lab Ecophysiol Photosynthese F-13108 St Paul Les Durance France <52> UI - 618QP-0005 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618QP AU - Raabe K AU - Drepper T AU - Riedel KU AU - Masepohl B AU - Klipp W MA - bernd.masepohl@ruhr-uni-bochum.de RA - Masepohl B TI - The H-NS-like protein HvrA modulates expression of nitrogen fixation genes in the phototrophic purple bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus by binding to selected nif promoters SO - FEMS Microbiology Letters. 216(2):151-158, 2002 Nov 5. AS - FEMS Microbiol. Lett 2002 Nov 5;216(2):151-158 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.elsevier.nl IS - 0378-1097 MH - Rhodobacter capsulatus MH - Nitrogen fixation MH - Photosynthesis MH - H-ns MH - Hvra MH - Negative modulator. MH - Nucleoid-associated protein MH - Gram-negative bacteria MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Photosynthesis MH - Organization MH - Recognition MH - Ammonium MH - Oxygen MH - Region MH - Light. AB - Genetic analyses based on chromosomal lac fusions to nitrogen fixation (nif) genes demonstrated that NifA-dependent transcriptional activation of expression of Rhodobacter capsulatus nifH and nifB1 was negatively modulated by HvrA, whereas regulation of rpoN, nifA1, and nifA2 was independent of HvrA. Expression of hvrA itself was not influenced by a mutation in ntrC, which is absolutely essential for N-2 fixation. Furthermore, HvrA accumulated to comparable levels in the presence and absence of ammonium, suggesting that the amount of HvrA in the cells does not differ under nitrogenase-repressing or -derepressing conditions. In addition, competitive gel retardation studies with HvrA-His(6) purified from R. capsulatus were carried out, demonstrating preferential binding of HvrA to the nifH promoter region. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 25] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Masepohl B Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Biol, Lehrstuhl Biol Mikroorganismen D-44780 Bochum Germany Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Biol, Lehrstuhl Biol Mikroorganismen D-44780 Bochum Germany <53> UI - 620MJ-0011 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620MJ AU - Houssin C AU - Nguyen DT AU - Leblon G AU - Bayan N MA - nbayan@pasteur.fr RA - Bayan N TI - S-layer protein transport across the cell wall of Corynebacterium glutamicum: in vivo kinetics and energy requirements SO - FEMS Microbiology Letters. 217(1):71-79, 2002 Nov 19. AS - FEMS Microbiol. Lett 2002 Nov 19;217(1):71-79 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.elsevier.nl IS - 0378-1097 MH - Protein secretion MH - Corynomycolic acid MH - Proton motive force. MH - Exponential phase MH - Secretion MH - Envelope MH - Cloning MH - Channel MH - Strains MH - Lipids MH - Growth MH - Ps1. AB - Corynebacteria are Gram-positive bacteria with a very peculiar cell envelope structure as it is constituted of an inner membrane and an outer membrane-like structure. Protein secretion in Corynebacterium glutamicum was studied in vivo, using the S-layer protein PS2 as a model. We show that different variants of PS2 protein are exported through the whole cell envelope with a half-life ranging between 2 and 4 min, by a two-step mechanism. The first step, which is over after about 1.5 min, is ATP- and proton motive force-dependent and may correspond to translocation across the inner membrane via the 'Sec' machinery. The second step, across the cell wall and the outer mycolate layer, is rapid but independent of energy sources. This very efficient secretion process across the mycolate layer raises the question of the existence in this layer of a specific machinery. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 25] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Bayan N Inst Pasteur, Unite Genet Mol 25 Rue Dr Roux F-75724 Paris France Univ Paris 11, CNRS UMR 8621, Lab Biotechnol Microorganismes Interet Ind F-91405 Orsay France Univ Paris 11, CNRS UMR 8619, Lab Biomembranes F-91405 Orsay France <54> UI - 620RU-0004 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620RU AU - Gin KYH AU - Koh ST AU - Lin II AU - Chan ES MA - cyhgin@ntu.edu.sg, KOH_Siong_Teck@pub.gov.sg, linii@odb03.gcc.ntu.edu.tw RA - Gin KYH TI - Application of spectral signatures and colour ratios to estimate chlorophyll in Singapore's coastal waters SO - Estuarine Coastal & Shelf Science. 55(5):719-728, 2002 Nov. AS - Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci 2002 Nov;55(5):719-728 PU - ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.apnet.com IS - 0272-7714 MH - Spectroscopy MH - Chlorophyll MH - Remote sensing MH - Water quality MH - Suspended matter MH - Coastal. MH - Inland waters MH - Fluorescence emission MH - Imaging spectrometer MH - Algal-chlorophyll MH - Radiance spectra MH - Phytoplankton MH - Reflectance MH - Quality MH - Lakes MH - Algorithms. AB - In this paper, a study of the spectral signatures of coastal surface waters in the Johor and Singapore Straits and the application of colour ratios to estimate chlorophyll is presented. In general, the spectral signatures of coastal waters in Singapore could be represented by two profiles. The first was characterized by a high major reflectance peak at 577 nm which decreased toward the blue and near infra-red (NIR) bands. Such a profile was obtained when chlorophyll levels were low (less than 5 mug 1(-1)). The second profile, which was obtained during periods of high chlorophyll (greater than 10 mug 1(-1)), was characterized by an overall lower reflectance over the visible spectrum, with a distinct absorption trough at 672 nm and reflectance peak at 695 nm. In general, suspended solids (ranging from about 4 to 100 mg 1(-1)) increased reflectance in the green wavebands relative to the red/NIR region. The effect of dissolved organic carbon on the reflectance spectra was generally considered small due to its low concentration (<3 mg 1(-1)). Blue-Green and Red-Near Infrared colour ratios were correlated with chlorophyll a, with the latter generally producing better correlations (R-2=0.63). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 52] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Gin KYH Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil Engn E1A-07-03,1 Engn Dr 2 Singapore 119756 Singapore Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Civil Engn Singapore 119756 Singapore Minist Environm, Sewerage Dept Singapore 228231 Singapore Natl Taiwan Univ, Natl Ctr Ocean Res Taipei 10617 Taiwan Trop Marine Sci Inst Singapore 119223 Singapore <55> UI - 618YZ-0020 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618YZ AU - Kaftan D AU - Brumfeld V AU - Nevo R AU - Scherz A AU - Reich Z MA - ziv.reich@weizmann.ac.il RA - Reich Z TI - From chloroplasts to photosystems: in situ scanning force microscopy on intact thylakoid membranes SO - EMBO Journal. 21(22):6146-6153, 2002 Nov 15. AS - Embo J 2002 Nov 15;21(22):6146-6153 PU - OXFORD UNIV PRESS, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.oup.co.uk IS - 0261-4189 MH - Membrane stacking MH - Photosystems MH - Scanning force microscopy MH - State transitions MH - Thylakoid structure. MH - Light-harvesting complex MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Electron crystallography MH - 3-dimensional structure MH - Spinach thylakoids MH - Stacking MH - Model MH - Phosphorylation MH - Heterogeneity MH - Organization. AB - Envelope-free chloroplasts were imaged in situ by contact and tapping mode scanning force microscopy at a lateral resolution of 3-5 nm and vertical resolution of similar to0.3 nm. The images of the intact thylakoids revealed detailed structural features of their surface, including individual protein complexes over stroma, grana margin and grana-end membrane domains. Structural and immunogold-assisted assignment of two of these complexes, photosystem I (PS I) and ATP synthase, allowed direct determination of their surface density, which, for both, was found to be highest in grana margins. Surface rearrangements and pigment-protein complex redistribution associated with salt-induced membrane unstacking were followed on native, hydrated specimens. Unstacking was accompanied by a substantial increase in grana diameter and, eventually, led to their merging with the stroma lamellae. Concomitantly, PS IIalpha effective antenna size decreased by 21% and the mean size of membrane particles increased substantially, consistent with attachment of mobile light-harvesting complex II to PS I. The ability to image intact photosynthetic membranes at molecular resolution, as demonstrated here, opens up new vistas to investigate thylakoid structure and function. [References: 39] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Molecular Biology & Genetics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Reich Z Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Chem IL-76100 Rehovot Israel Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Chem IL-76100 Rehovot Israel Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Plant Sci IL-76100 Rehovot Israel Inst Landscape Ecol, Lab Appl Photobiol & Bioimaging, Ctr Photosynth Nove Hrady 37333 Czech Republic <56> UI - 618YZ-0031 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618YZ AU - Singh S AU - Folkers GE AU - Bonvin AMJJ AU - Boelens R AU - Wechselberger R AU - Niztayev A AU - Kaptein R MA - kaptein@nmr.chem.uu.nl RA - Kaptein R TI - Solution structure and DNA-binding properties of the C-terminal domain of UvrC from E.coli SO - EMBO Journal. 21(22):6257-6266, 2002 Nov 15. AS - Embo J 2002 Nov 15;21(22):6257-6266 PU - OXFORD UNIV PRESS, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.oup.co.uk IS - 0261-4189 MH - Bubble dna MH - Dna repair MH - Hhh motif MH - Nucleotide excision repair MH - Uvrc c-terminal domain. MH - Nucleotide excision-repair MH - Crystal-structure MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Preincision complex MH - Holliday junction MH - (a)bc excinuclease MH - Catalytic site MH - Protein MH - Recognition MH - Ruva. AB - The C-terminal domain of the UvrC protein (UvrC CTD) is essential for 5' incision in the prokaryotic nucleotide excision repair process. We have determined the three-dimensional structure of the UvrC CTD using heteronuclear NMR techniques. The structure shows two helix-hairpin-helix (HhH) motifs connected by a small connector helix. The UvrC CTD is shown to mediate structure-specific DNA binding. The domain binds to a single-stranded-double-stranded junction DNA, with a strong specificity towards looped duplex DNA that contains at least six unpaired bases per loop ('bubble DNA'). Using chemical shift perturbation experiments, the DNA-binding surface is mapped to the first hairpin region encompassing the conserved glycine-valine-glycine residues followed by lysine-arginine-arginine, a positively charged surface patch and the second hairpin region consisting of glycine-isoleucine-serine. A model for the protein-DNA complex is proposed that accounts for this specificity. [References: 40] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Molecular Biology & Genetics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Kaptein R Univ Utrecht, Bijvoet Ctr Biomol Res Padualaan 8 NL-3584 CH Utrecht Netherlands Univ Utrecht, Bijvoet Ctr Biomol Res NL-3584 CH Utrecht Netherlands <57> UI - 618TW-0015 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618TW AU - Niklowitz P AU - Menke T AU - Wiesel T AU - Mayatepek E AU - Zschocke J AU - Okun JG AU - Andler W MA - Petra.Niklowitz@epost.de RA - Niklowitz P TI - Coenzyme Q(10) in plasma and erythrocytes: comparison of antioxidant levels in healthy probands after oral supplementation and in patients suffering from sickle cell anemia SO - Clinica Chimica Acta. 326(1-2):155-161, 2002 Dec. AS - Clin. Chim. Acta 2002 Dec;326(1-2):155-161 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.elsevier.nl IS - 0009-8981 MH - Coenzyme q(10) MH - Ubiquinone-10 MH - Ubihydroquinone-10 MH - Plasma MH - Erythrocytes MH - Sickle cell anemia. MH - Alpha-tocopherol MH - Oxidoreductase MH - Ubiquinol-10. AB - Background: The membrane-associated antioxidant coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) or ubiquinone-10 is frequently measured in serum or plasma. However, little is known about the total contents or redox status of CoQ(10) in blood cells. Methods: We have developed a method for determination of CoQ(10) in erythrocytes. Total CoQ(10) in erythrocytes was compared to the amounts of ubiquinone-10 and ubihydroquinone-10 in plasma using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection and internal standardisation (ubiquinone-9, ubihydroquinone-9). Results: Investigations in 10 healthy probands showed that oral intake of CoQ(10) (3 mg/kg/day) led to a short-term (after 5 h, 1.57 +/- 0.55 pmol/mul plasma) and long-term (after 14 days, 4.00 +/- 1.88 pmol/mul plasma, p < 0.05 vs. -1 h, 1.11 +/- 0.24 pmol/mul plasma) increase in plasma concentrations while decreasing the redox status of CoQ(10) (after 14 days, 5.37 +/- 1.31% in plasma, p < 0.05 vs. -1 h, 6.74 +/- 0.86% in plasma). However, in these healthy probands, CoQ(10) content in red blood cells remained unchanged despite excessive supplementation. In addition, plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of CoQ(10) were measured in five patients suffering from sickle cell anemia, a genetic anemia characterised by an overall accelerated production of reactive oxygen species. While these patients showed normal or decreased plasma levels of CoQ(10) with a shifting of the redox state in favour of the oxidised part (10.8-27.2% in plasma), the erythrocyte concentrations of CoQ(10) were dramatically elevated (280-1093 pmol/10(9) ERY vs. 22.20 +/- 6.17 pmol/10(9) ERY). Conclusions: We conclude that normal red blood cells may regulate their CoQ(10) content independently from environmental supplementation, but dramatic changes may be expected under pathological conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 18] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Medical Research, Diagnosis & Treatment in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Niklowitz P Univ Witten Herdecke, Vest Kinderklin Datteln Dr Friedrich Steiner Str 5 D-45711 Datteln Germany Univ Witten Herdecke, Vest Kinderklin Datteln D-45711 Datteln Germany Univ Heidelberg, Childrens Hosp, Div Metab & Endocrine Dis D-69120 Heidelberg Germany <58> UI - 618ZN-0002 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618ZN AU - Serin JM AU - Brousmiche DW AU - Frechet JMJ MA - frechet@cchem.berkeley.edu RA - Frechet JMJ TI - Cascade energy transfer in a conformationally mobile multichromophoric dendrimer SO - Chemical Communications. (22):2605-2607, 2002 Nov 21. AS - Chem. Commun 2002 Nov 21;(22):2605-2607 PU - ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.rsc.org IS - 1359-7345 MH - Poly(aryl ether) dendrimers MH - Light-harvesting complex MH - Photophysical properties MH - Labeled dendrimers MH - Thin-films MH - Amplification MH - Polymers. AB - A conformationally flexible, generation-2,3 poly(aryl ether) dendrimer favors quantitative cascade fluorescence resonance energy transfer without the appearance of undesired chromophore self-quenching interactions such as excimer formation. [References: 27] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Chemistry in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Frechet JMJ Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Berkeley, CA 94720 USA <59> UI - 618PG-0005 DD - ISI Document Solution: 618PG AU - Smolke CD AU - Keasling JD MA - keasling@socrates.berkeley.edu RA - Keasling JD TI - Effect of gene location, mRNA secondary structures, and RNase sites on expression of two genes in an engineered operon SO - Biotechnology & Bioengineering. 80(7):762-776, 2002 Dec 30. AS - Biotechnol. Bioeng 2002 Dec 30;80(7):762-776 PU - JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA. URL: http://www.wiley.com IS - 0006-3592 MH - Differential decay MH - Directed processing MH - Rnase. MH - Lacz messenger-rna MH - Escherichia-coli MH - In-vitro MH - Transcription termination MH - Rhodobacter-capsulatus MH - Ribonuclease-e MH - Loop structure MH - E-cleavage MH - Stem-loop MH - Degradation. AB - The effects of endoribonuclease sites, secondary structures in mRNA, and gene placement on protein production and mRNA stability and steady-state levels were tested in a dual-gene operon containing the genes encoding beta-galactosidase (lacZ) from Escherichia coli and green fluorescent protein (gfp) from Aequorea victoria. Two previously identified RNase E sites were placed separately between the coding regions to direct cleavage in this area and produce two secondary transcripts, each containing a single-gene coding region. Novel secondary structures were engineered into the 3' and 5' ends of each of the coding regions to protect the transcript from inactivation by endoribonucleases (5' hairpins) and degradation by exoribonucleases (3' hairpins). In addition, the effects of relative gene placement were examined by switching the locations of the two coding regions. Depending on the particular secondary structures and RNase E sites placed between the genes the relative steady-state transcript and protein levels encoded by the two reporter genes could be changed up to 2.5-fold and 4-fold, respectively. By changing gene location and incorporating secondary structures and RNase E sites the relative steady-state transcript and protein levels encoded by the two reporter genes could be changed up to 100-fold and 750-fold, respectively. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [References: 61] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Keasling JD Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn Berkeley, CA 94720 USA <60> UI - 620CZ-0034 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620CZ AU - Shinkarev VP AU - Kolling DRJ AU - Miller TJ AU - Crofts AR MA - vshinkar@uiuc.edu, a-crofts@uiuc.edu RA - Shinkarev VP TI - Modulation of the midpoint potential of the [2Fe-2S] Rieske iron sulfur center by Q(o) occupants in the bc(1) complex SO - Biochemistry. 41(48):14372-14382, 2002 Dec 3. AS - Biochemistry 2002 Dec 3;41(48):14372-14382 PU - AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA. URL: http://pubs.acs.org IS - 0006-2960 MH - Photosynthetic reaction-center MH - Cytochrome-c reductase MH - Energy-conversion site MH - Electron-transfer MH - Rhodopseudomonas-sphaeroides MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides MH - Ubiquinol-oxidation MH - Ubihydroquinone oxidation MH - Inhibitor binding MH - Domain movement. AB - Following addition of myxothiazol to antimycin-treated chromatophores from Rhodobacter sphaeroides poised at an ambient redox potential (E-h) of similar to300 mV, the amplitude of the flash-induced cytochrome c(1) oxidation in the ms range increased, indicating a decrease in the availability of electrons from the immediate donor to cl, the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP). Because the effect was seen only over the limited E-h range, we conclude that it is due to a decrease in the apparent midpoint redox potential (E-m) of the ISP by about 40 mV on addition of myxothiazol. This is in line with the change in E-m previously seen in direct redox titrations. Our results show that the reduced ISP binds with quinone at the Q(o) site with a hip-her affinity than does the oxidized ISP. The displacement of ubiquinone by myxothiazol leads to elimination of this preferential binding of the ISP reduced form and results in a shift in the midpoint potential of ISP to a more negative value. A simple hypothesis to explain this effect is that myxothiazol prevents formation of hydrogen bond of ubiquinone with the reduced ISP. We conclude that all Q(o) site occupants (ubiquinone, UHDBT, stigmatellin) that form hydrogen bonds with the reduced ISP shift the apparent E-m of the ISP in the same direction to more positive values. Inhibitors that bind in the domain of the Q(o) site proximal to heme b(L) (myxothiazol, MOA-stilbene) and displace ubiquinone from the site cause a decrease in Em of ISP. We present a new formalism for treatment of the relation between E-m change and the binding constants involved, which simplifies analysis. Using this formalism, we estimated that binding free energies for hydrogen bond formation with the Q(o) site occupant. range from the largest value of similar to23 kJ mol(-1) in the presence of stigmatellin (appropriate for the buried hydrogen bond shown by structures), to a value of -3.5 kJ mol(-1) in the native complex. We discuss this range of values in the context of a model in which the native structure constrains the interaction of ISP with tile Q(o) site occupant so as to favor dissociation and the faster kinetics of unbinding necessary for rapid turnover. [References: 39] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Shinkarev VP Univ Illinois, Dept Biochem 156 Davenport Hall,607 S Mathews Ave Urbana, IL 61801 USA Univ Illinois, Dept Biochem Urbana, IL 61801 USA <61> UI - 620CZ-0036 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620CZ AU - Zolla L AU - Rinalducci S MA - zolla@unitus.it RA - Zolla L TI - Involvement of active oxygen species in degradation of light-harve sting proteins under light stresses SO - Biochemistry. 41(48):14391-14402, 2002 Dec 3. AS - Biochemistry 2002 Dec 3;41(48):14391-14402 PU - AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA. URL: http://pubs.acs.org IS - 0006-2960 MH - Photosystem-ii antenna MH - Phase liquid-chromatography MH - A/b-binding-protein MH - Complex-ii MH - Singlet oxygen MH - D1 protein MH - Thylakoid membranes MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - D1-protein degradation MH - Monomolecular layers. AB - This paper presents evidence for light-mediated degradation of isolated light-harvesting proteins (Lhc2) and involvement of oxygen free radicals in the process. The time course of light harvesting photodestruction is much slower than that of D1 protein (requiring hours for complete breakdown). By use of mass spectrometry and amino acid sequencing. it has been revealed that the primary cleavages take place in the hydrophilic portion of the NH2 region where oxygen-containing radicals attack randomly and not at specific sites. Moreover. these chlorophyll binding proteins are completely fragmented. From the effectiveness of scavengers and the preliminary electron paramagnetic resonance measurements reported, it appears that singlet oxygen is involved as a short-lived species, and hydroxyl and alkoxyl radicals act at higher light intensity or over a longer time, whereas hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions are not observed. Antenna proteins appear more resistance to photodestruction in their monomeric form than in trimeric form, while minor antenna are highly sensitive. However, the organization of both minor and major proteins in the photosystem II supracomplex affords some photoprotection. Interestingly, leaves exposed to strong light contained degraded major antenna, unlike those kept in the dark, which is consistent with studies on the illumination of isolated proteins, supporting the hypothesis that active oxygen species play a role in vivo in the short-term acclimative adaptation of plants. [References: 63] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Zolla L Univ Tuscia, Dept Environm Sci Lgo Univ,Blocco D I-01100 Viterbo Italy Univ Tuscia, Dept Environm Sci I-01100 Viterbo Italy <62> UI - 620ZX-0001 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620ZX AU - Lee PC AU - Schmidt-Dannert C MA - schmi232@tc.umn.edu RA - Schmidt-Dannert C TI - Metabolic engineering towards biotechnological production of carotenoids in microorganisms [Review] SO - Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology. 60(1-2):1-11, 2002 Oct. AS - Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol 2002 Oct;60(1-2):1-11 PU - SPRINGER-VERLAG, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA. URL: http://www.springer-ny.com IS - 0175-7598 MH - Escherichia-coli transformants MH - Biosynthesis gene-cluster MH - Yeast candida-utilis MH - Beta-carotene MH - Phytoene desaturase MH - Functional-analysis MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides MH - Haematococcus-pluvialis MH - Lycopene production MH - Directed evolution. AB - Carotenoids are important natural pigments produced by many microorganisms and plants. Traditionally, carotenoids have been used in the feed, food and nutraceutical industries. The recent discoveries of health-related beneficial properties attributed to carotenoids have spurred great interest in the production of structurally diverse carotenoids for pharmaceutical applications. The availability of a considerable number of microbial and plant carotenoid genes that can be functionally expressed in heterologous hosts has opened ways for the production of diverse carotenoid compounds in heterologous systems. In this review, we will describe the recent progress made in metabolic engineering of noncarotenogenic microorganisms for improved carotenoid productivity. In addition, we will discuss the application of combinatorial and evolutionary strategies to carotenoid pathway engineering to broaden the diversity of carotenoid structures synthesized in recombinant hosts. [References: 69] LG - English PT - Review SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Schmidt-Dannert C Univ Minnesota, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol Biophys 1479 Gortner Ave St Paul, MN 55108 USA Univ Minnesota, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol Biophys St Paul, MN 55108 USA <63> UI - 620ZX-0019 DD - ISI Document Solution: 620ZX AU - Lee IH AU - Park JY AU - Kho DH AU - Kim MS AU - Lee JK MA - jgklee@ccs.sogang.ac.kr RA - Lee JK TI - Reductive effect of H-2 uptake and poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate formation on nitrogenase-mediated H-2 accumulation of Rhodobacter sphaeroides according to light intensity SO - Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology. 60(1-2):147-153, 2002 Oct. AS - Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol 2002 Oct;60(1-2):147-153 PU - SPRINGER-VERLAG, 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA. URL: http://www.springer-ny.com IS - 0175-7598 MH - Rhodopseudomonas-capsulata MH - Rhodospirillum-rubrum MH - Alcaligenes-eutrophus MH - Hydrogenase activity MH - Gene MH - Expression MH - Cloning MH - Bacteria MH - Mutants MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides-2.4.1. AB - Nitrogenase-mediated H-2 accumulation of Rhodobacter sphaeroides under photoheterotrophic conditions is reduced directly by the hydrogenase activity catalyzing H-2 uptake and indirectly by energy-demanding metabolic processes such as poly-P-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) formation. H-2 accumulation of R. sphaeroides was examined during cell growth under illumination of 15, 7, and 3 W/m(2). Mutations in either hupSL (H-2-uptake hydrogenase) or phbC (PHB synthase) had no effect on nitrogenase activity. The nitrogenase activity of R. sphaeroides grown at 15 W/m(2), however, was 70% higher than that of cells grown at 3 W/m(2), while the H-2-uptake hydrogenase activity was approximately 3-fold higher in the same comparison. Accordingly, H-2 uptake by hydrogenase, monitored by measuring the difference in H-2 accumulation between a hupSL-deletion mutant and the corresponding parental strain, appeared to reach a maximum level as illumination was increased to 15 W/m(2). On the other hand, the surplus energy due to lack of PHB formation led to a fixed increase in H-2 accumulation independent of light intensity, reflecting the fact that the cellular PHB; content was not changed significantly depending on light intensity. Therefore, H-2 uptake by hydrogenase should be suppressed to achieve higher H-2 accumulation of R. sphaeroides, especially at 15 W/m(2). [References: 34] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Lee JK Sogang Univ, Dept Life Sci Seoul 121742 South Korea Sogang Univ, Dept Life Sci Seoul 121742 South Korea Korea Inst Energy Res, Biomass Res Team Taejon 305343 South Korea <64> UI - 619WP-0001 DD - ISI Document Solution: 619WP AU - Pandey G AU - Jain RK MA - rkj@imtech.res.in RA - Jain RK TI - Bacterial chemotaxis toward environmental pollutants: Role in bioremediation [Review] SO - Applied & Environmental Microbiology. 68(12):5789-5795, 2002 Dec. AS - Appl. Environ. Microbiol 2002 Dec;68(12):5789-5795 PU - AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY, 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA. URL: http://www.asmusa.org IS - 0099-2240 MH - Ralstonia sp sj98 MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Pseudomonas-putida MH - Energy taxis MH - Hydrocarbon naphthalene MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides MH - Nitroaromatic compounds MH - Salmonella-typhimurium MH - Microbial-degradation MH - Negative chemotaxis. LG - English PT - Review SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biology in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Jain RK Inst Microbial Technol Sector 39-A Chandigarh 160036 India Inst Microbial Technol Chandigarh 160036 India <65> UI - 619GV-0015 DD - ISI Document Solution: 619GV AU - Rosenow MA AU - Magee CL AU - Williams JC AU - Allen JP MA - jallen@asu.edu RA - Allen JP TI - The influence of detergents on the solubility of membrane proteins SO - Acta Crystallographica Section D-Biological Crystallography. 58(Part 12):2076-2081, 2002 Dec. AS - Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr 2002 Dec;58(Part 12):2076-2081 PU - BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD, 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK. URL: http://www.munksgaard.dk IS - 0907-4449 MH - Photosynthetic reaction-center MH - Light-harvesting complex MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides MH - Crystal-structure MH - Rhodopseudomonas-viridis MH - Crystallization MH - Growth MH - Resolution MH - Scattering MH - Cofactors. AB - The relationship between the effect of detergents and amphiphiles on protein solubility and their use in crystallization solutions was examined for the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Measurement by a centrifugation assay of the solubility of the reaction center as a function of ionic strength revealed dramatic differences in the intrinsic solubility at zero ionic strength in the presence of various detergents and amphiphiles. High protein-solubility values were found for beta-octyl glucoside and for lauryldimethylamine-N-oxide with heptanetriol. The solubility differences are interpreted in terms of fundamental properties such as the polarity of the detergent molecules. Conditions that resulted in high protein solubility correspond to conditions that have been shown to be successful for crystallization of the reaction center. These results suggest that crystallization is favored for detergents and amphiphiles that optimize the solubility of integral membrane proteins. [References: 33] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Chemistry & Analysis in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 01 IN - Reprint available from: Allen JP Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Tempe, AZ 85287 USA Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Tempe, AZ 85287 USA