<1> UI - 646DQ-0016 DD - ISI Document Solution: 646DQ AU - Lin YL AU - Kuo HS AU - Wang YW AU - Huang ST MA - ws75624@tmu.edu.tw RA - Huang ST TI - Efficient entry to 1-benzoxepine ring skeleton via tandem S(N)2/Wittig reaction. Total synthesis of NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) antagonist pterulinic acid SO - Tetrahedron. 59(8):1277-1281, 2003 Feb 17. AS - Tetrahedron 2003 Feb 17;59(8):1277-1281 PU - PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.elsevier.nl IS - 0040-4020 MH - Pterulinic acid MH - Nadh MH - Ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex i) antagonist MH - Tandem s(n)2/wittig reaction. MH - Pterulone MH - Inhibitors MH - Analog. AB - Concise synthesis of NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) antagonist pterulinic acid (1a) is reported. The key architectural framework in the natural product, 1-benzoxepine ring skeleton, was smoothly prepared from known salicylaldehyde 2g and phosphorane 3 via tandem S(N)2/Wittig reaction. Pterulinic acid was prepared in 5 steps from 2g with overall yield of 25%. The versatility of tandem S(N)2/Wittig reaction was investigated. This tandem reaction tolerated various alkyl, ether, tertiaryamine and nitro substituted salicylaldehyde, and it gave the corresponding 1-benzoxepine ring skeleton in moderated yield (21-72%). (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 18] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Chemistry & Analysis in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. Organic Chemistry/Polymer Science in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Huang ST Taipei Med Univ, Dept Biochem 250 Wu Hsing St Taipei 110 Taiwan Taipei Med Univ, Dept Biochem Taipei 110 Taiwan <2> UI - 645XD-0008 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645XD AU - Collakova E AU - DellaPenna D MA - dellapen@msu.edu RA - DellaPenna D TI - Homogentisate phytyltransferase activity is limiting for tocopherol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis SO - Plant Physiology. 131(2):632-642, 2003 Feb. AS - Plant Physiol 2003 Feb;131(2):632-642 PU - AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS, 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA. URL: http://www.aspb.org IS - 0032-0889 MH - P-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase MH - Synechocystis sp pcc-6803 MH - Vitamin-e content MH - Alpha-tocopherol MH - Spinach-chloroplasts MH - Photosynthetic apparatus MH - Plastoquinone synthesis MH - Functional assignment MH - Phytoene synthase MH - Plants. AB - Tocopherols are essential components of the human diet and are synthesized exclusively by photosynthetic organisms. These lipophilic antioxidants consist of a chromanol ring and a 15-carbon tail derived from homogentisate (HGA) and phytyl diphosphate, respectively. Condensation of HGA and phytyl diphosphate, the committed step in tocopherol biosynthesis, is catalyzed by HGA phytyltransferase (HPT). To investigate whether HPT activity is limiting for tocopherol synthesis in plants, the gene encoding Arabidopsis HPT, HPT1, was constitutively overexpressed in Arabidopsis. In leaves, HPT1 overexpression resulted in a 10-fold increase in HPT specific activity and a 4.4-fold increase in total tocopherol content relative to wild type. In seeds, HPT1 overexpression resulted in a 4-fold increase in HPT specific activity and a total seed tocopherol content that was 40% higher than wild type, primarily because of an increase in gamma-tocopherol content. This enlarged pool of gamma-tocopherol was almost entirely converted to alpha-tocopherol by crossing HPT1 overexpressing plants with lines constitutively overexpressing gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase. Seed of the resulting double overexpressing lines had a 12-fold increase in vitamin E activity relative to wild type. These results indicate that HPT activity is limiting in various Arabidopsis tissues and that total tocopherol levels and vitamin E activity can be elevated in leaves and seeds by combined overexpression of the HPT1 and gamma-tocopherol methyltransferase genes. [References: 65] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: DellaPenna D Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol E Lansing, MI 48824 USA Michigan State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol E Lansing, MI 48824 USA <3> UI - 645XD-0024 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645XD AU - Walters RG AU - Shephard F AU - Rogers JJM AU - Rolfe SA AU - Horton P MA - robin.walters@plants.ox.ac.uk RA - Walters RG TI - Identification of mutants of Arabidopsis defective in acclimation of photosynthesis to the light environment SO - Plant Physiology. 131(2):472-481, 2003 Feb. AS - Plant Physiol 2003 Feb;131(2):472-481 PU - AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS, 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA. URL: http://www.aspb.org IS - 0032-0889 MH - Photosystem stoichiometry adjustment MH - Harvesting complex-ii MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Xanthophyll-cycle MH - Gene-expression MH - Antisense repression MH - Electron-transport MH - Quantum yield MH - Messenger-rna MH - Redox state. AB - In common with many other higher plant species, Arabidopsis undergoes photosynthetic acclimation, altering the composition of the photosynthetic apparatus in response to fluctuations in its growth environment. The changes in photosynthetic function that result from acclimation can be detected in a noninvasive manner by monitoring chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence. This technique has been used to develop a screen that enables the rapid identification of plants defective at ACCLIMATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO THE ENVIRONMENT (APE) loci. The application of this screen to a population of T-DNA-transformed Arabidopsis has successfully led to the identification of a number of mutant lines with altered Chl fluorescence characteristics. Analysis of photosynthesis and pigment composition in leaves from three such mutants showed that they had altered acclimation responses to the growth light environment, each having a distinct acclimation-defective phenotype, demonstrating that screening for mutants using Chl fluorescence is a viable strategy for the investigation of acclimation. Sequencing of the genomic DNA flanking the T-DNA elements showed that in the ape1 mutant, a gene was disrupted that encodes a protein of unknown function but that appears to be specific to photosynthetic organisms, whereas the ape2 mutant carries an insertion in the region of the TPT gene encoding the chloroplast inner envelope triose phosphate /phosphate translocator. [References: 44] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Walters RG Univ Oxford, Dept Plant Sci S Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3RB England Univ Sheffield, Dept Mol Biol & Biotechnol Sheffield S10 2TN S Yorkshire England Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci Sheffield S10 2TN S Yorkshire England <4> UI - 645XD-0033 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645XD AU - Krause GH AU - Grube E AU - Virgo A AU - Winter K MA - ghkrause@uni-duesseldorf.de RA - Krause GH TI - Sudden exposure to solar UV-B radiation reduces net CO2 uptake and photosystem I efficiency in shade-acclimated tropical tree seedlings SO - Plant Physiology. 131(2):745-752, 2003 Feb. AS - Plant Physiol 2003 Feb;131(2):745-752 PU - AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS, 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA. URL: http://www.aspb.org IS - 0032-0889 MH - Ultraviolet-radiation MH - Ozone depletion MH - Photosynthesis MH - Leaves MH - Photoinhibition MH - Plants MH - Stress MH - Light MH - Fluorescence MH - Inhibition. AB - Tree seedlings developing in the understory of the tropical forest have to endure short periods of high-light stress when tree-fall gaps are formed, and direct solar radiation, including substantial UV light, reaches the leaves. In experiments simulating the opening of a tree-fall gap, the response of photosynthesis in leaves of shade-acclimated seedlings (Anacardium excelsum, Virola surinamensis, and Calophyllum longifolium) to exposure to direct sunlight (for 20-50 min) was investigated in Panama (9degreesN). To assess the effects of solar UV-B radiation (280-320 nm), the sunlight was filtered through plastic films that selectively absorbed UV-B or transmitted the complete spectrum. The results document a strong inhibition of CO2 assimilation by sun exposure. Light-limited and light-saturated rates of photosynthetic CO2 uptake by the leaves were affected, which apparently occurred independently of a simultaneous inhibition of potential photosystem (PS) II efficiency. The ambient UV-B light substantially contributed to these effects. The photochemical capacity of PSI, measured as absorbance change at 810 nm in saturating far-red light, was not significantly affected by sun exposure of the seedlings. However, a decrease in the efficiency of P700 photooxidation by far-red light was observed, which was strongly promoted by solar UV-B radiation. The decrease in PSI efficiency may result from enhanced charge recombination in the reaction center, which might represent an incipient inactivation of PSI, but contributes to thermal dissipation of excessive light energy and thereby to photoprotection. [References: 41] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Krause GH Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Plant Biochem D-40225 Dusseldorf Germany Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Plant Biochem D-40225 Dusseldorf Germany Smithsonian Trop Res Inst Ancon Panama <5> UI - 645XD-0034 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645XD AU - Dal Bosco C AU - Busconi M AU - Govoni C AU - Baldi P AU - Stanca AM AU - Crosatti C AU - Bassi R AU - Cattivelli L MA - l.cattivelli@iol.it RA - Cattivelli L TI - cor gene expression in barley mutants affected in chloroplast development and photosynthetic electron transport SO - Plant Physiology. 131(2):793-802, 2003 Feb. AS - Plant Physiol 2003 Feb;131(2):793-802 PU - AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS, 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA. URL: http://www.aspb.org IS - 0032-0889 MH - Low-temperature MH - Freezing tolerance MH - Cold-acclimation MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Redox state MH - Plastoquinone pool MH - Nuclear genes MH - Winter rye MH - Light MH - Protein. AB - The expression of several barley (Hordeum vulgare) cold-regulated (cor) genes during cold acclimation was blocked in the albino mutant a(n), implying a chloroplast control on mRNAs accumulation. By using albino and xantha mutants ordered according to the step in chloroplast biogenesis affected, we show that the cold-dependent accumulation of cor14b, tmc-ap3, and blt14 mRNAs depends on plastid developmental stage. Plants acquire the ability to fully express cor genes only after the development of primary thylakoid membranes in their chloroplasts. To investigate the chloroplast-dependent mechanism involved in cor gene expression, the activity of a 643-bp cor14b promoter fragment was assayed in wild-type and albino mutant a(n) leaf explants using transient beta-glucuronidase reporter expression assay. Deletion analysis identified a 27-bp region between nucleotides -274 and -247 with respect to the transcription start point, encompassing a boundary of some element that contributes to the cold-induced expression of cor14b. However, cor14b promoter was equally active in green and in albino a(n) leaves, suggesting that chloroplast controls cor14b expression by posttranscriptional mechanisms. Barley mutants lacking either photosystem I or 11 reaction center complexes were then used to evaluate the effects of redox state of electron transport chain components on COR14b accumulation. In the mutants analyzed, the amount of COR14b protein, but not the steady-state level of the corresponding mRNA, was dependent on the redox state of the electron transport chain. Treatments of the vir-zb63 mutant with electron transport chain inhibitors showed that oxidized plastoquinone promotes COR14b accumulation, thus suggesting a molecular relationship between plastoquinone/plastoquinol pool and COR14b. [References: 45] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Cattivelli L Ist Sperimentale Cerealicoltura Via S Protaso 302 I-28017 Fiorenzuola Darda PC Italy Ist Sperimentale Cerealicoltura I-28017 Fiorenzuola Darda PC Italy Univ Verona, Fac Sci Matemat Fis Nat Biotecnol Vegetali I-37134 Verona Italy <6> UI - 645XD-0038 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645XD AU - Jang IC AU - Oh SJ AU - Seo JS AU - Choi WB AU - Song SI AU - Kim CH AU - Kim YS AU - Seo HS AU - Do Choi Y AU - Nahm BH AU - Kim JK MA - jukon@bio.myongji.ac.kr RA - Kim JK TI - Expression of a bifunctional fusion of the Escherichia coli genes for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase in transgenic rice plants increases trehalose accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance without stunting growth SO - Plant Physiology. 131(2):516-524, 2003 Feb. AS - Plant Physiol 2003 Feb;131(2):516-524 PU - AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS, 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA. URL: http://www.aspb.org IS - 0032-0889 MH - Arabidopsis-thaliana MH - Drought tolerance MH - Tobacco plants MH - Yeast MH - Metabolism MH - Protein MH - Glycolysis MH - Membranes MH - Reserve MH - Leaves. AB - Trehalose plays an important role in stress tolerance in plants. Trehalose-producing, transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) plants were generated by the introduction of a gene encoding a bifunctional fusion (TPSP) of the trehalose-6-phosphate (T-6-P) synthase (TPS) and T-6-P phosphatase (TPP) of Escherichia coli, under the control of the maize (Zea mays) ubiquitin promoter (Ubi1). The high catalytic efficiency (Seo et al., 2000) of the fusion enzyme and the single-gene engineering strategy make this an attractive candidate for high-level production of trehalose; it has the added advantage of reducing the accumulation of potentially deleterious T-6-P. The trehalose levels in leaf and seed extracts from Ubi1::TPSP plants were increased up to 1.076 mg g fresh weight(-1). This level was 200-fold higher than that of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants transformed independently with either TPS or TPP expression cassettes. The carbohydrate profiles were significantly altered in the seeds, but not in the leaves, of Ubi1::TPSP plants. It has been reported that transgenic plants with E. coli TPS and/or TPP were severely stunted and root morphology was altered. Interestingly, our Ubi1::TPSP plants showed no growth inhibition or visible phenotypic alterations despite the high-level production of trehalose. Moreover, trehalose accumulation in Ubi1::TPSP plants resulted in increased tolerance to drought, salt, and cold, as shown by chlorophyll fluorescence and growth inhibition analyses. Thus, our results suggest that trehalose acts as a global protectant against abiotic stress, and that rice is more tolerant to trehalose synthesis than dicots. [References: 39] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Kim JK Myongji Univ, Dept Sci Biol Yongin 449728 South Korea Myongji Univ, Dept Sci Biol Yongin 449728 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol Suwon 441744 South Korea Seowan Univ, Dept Food & Nutr Chonju 361742 South Korea GreenGene BioTech, Genomics Genet Inst Yongin 449728 South Korea <7> UI - 647HR-0010 DD - ISI Document Solution: 647HR AU - Daley DO AU - Considine MJ AU - Howell KA AU - Millar AH AU - Day DA AU - Whelan J MA - seamus@cyllene.uwa.edu.au RA - Whelan J TI - Respiratory gene expression in soybean cotyledons during post-germinative development SO - Plant Molecular Biology. 51(5):745-755, 2003 Mar. AS - Plant Mol.Biol 2003 Mar;51(5):745-755 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0167-4412 MH - Co-ordination MH - Gene expression MH - Mitochondria MH - Post-transcriptional regulation MH - Respiration. MH - Uncoupling mitochondrial protein MH - Alternative oxidase MH - Plant-mitochondria MH - Differential expression MH - Cyanide-resistant MH - Low-temperature MH - Activation MH - Cells MH - Wheat MH - Generation. AB - Gene expression for nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits of respiratory chain components was measured in developing soybean cotyledons and compared to the abundance of the relevant proteins. Overall respiratory gene expression peaked at day 16, close to the peak in cytochrome chain and TCA cycle activities from day 10 to 15. Protein abundance followed transcript abundance for all components examined with the exception of the F(1)beta subunit of ATP synthase. A dramatic peak in F(1)beta transcript levels early in development (day 5 to 7) was not mirrored by an increase in protein suggesting translational or post-translational control. Mitochondrial-encoded transcripts were at least 10-fold more abundant than nuclear-encoded transcripts. The pattern of transcript and protein abundance for uncoupling proteins displayed a trend similar to other respiratory proteins examined, implicating similar control mechanisms. The expression of alternative oxidase differed, increasing throughout development with protein peaking at day 20, perhaps suggesting a role in senescence. Overall, this study indicated that respiratory gene expression and protein abundance is co-ordinated with respiratory activity for most components but that some components, such as the F(1)beta subunit may be under discrete forms of regulation. [References: 41] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Whelan J Univ Western Australia, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Plant Mol Biol Grp 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia Univ Western Australia, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Plant Mol Biol Grp Crawley WA 6009 Australia <8> UI - 647HR-0011 DD - ISI Document Solution: 647HR AU - Masuda T AU - Tanaka A AU - Melis A MA - melis@nature.berkeley.edu RA - Melis A TI - Chlorophyll antenna size adjustments by irradiance in Dunaliella salina involve coordinate regulation of chlorophyll a oxygenase (CAO) and Lhcb gene expression SO - Plant Molecular Biology. 51(5):757-771, 2003 Mar. AS - Plant Mol.Biol 2003 Mar;51(5):757-771 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0167-4412 MH - Cao MH - Chlorophyll antenna size MH - Gene expression MH - Green algae MH - Lhcb MH - Signal transduction. MH - Light-harvesting complex MH - Glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase MH - Ca2+-dependent protein-kinase MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Green-alga MH - Chlamydomonas-reinhardtii MH - Gsa gene MH - Thylakoid membranes MH - Biosynthetic step MH - Phospholipase-c. AB - To elucidate the mechanism of irradiance-dependent adjustments in the chlorophyll antenna size of photosynthesis, we addressed the regulation of expression of genes encoding a variety of chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes and that of the Lhcb genes in the model organism Dunaliella salina. Among the chlorophyll biosynthesis enzymes tested, only the chlorophyll a oxygenase (CAO) gene responded to changes in the level of irradiance with substantial mRNA level and kinetics of change that were similar to those of the Lhcb genes. Evidence is presented for the operation of a cytosolic signal transduction pathway for the rapid (order of minutes) regulation of both CAO and Lhcb gene expression by irradiance. Inhibitor studies and transient activation of Ca2+ -dependent kinase suggested phopholipase-C activation to Ca2+ release, and activation of a specific Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase in this cytosolic signal transduction pathway. The redox state of the plastoquinone pool also serves to regulate CAO and Lhcb gene expression on a slower time scale (hours) and probably serves as a plastidic-origin signal that acts coordinately with the cytosolic signal transduction pathway. It is proposed that irradiance-dependent adjustments in the chlorophyll antenna size occur by coordinate regulation of CAO and Lhcb gene expression via two distinct signal transduction pathways in photosynthetic organisms. [References: 62] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Melis A Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol 111 Koshland Hall Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Tokyo Inst Technol, Grad Sch Biosci & Biotechnol, Dept Biol Sci Yokohama Kanagawa 2268501 Japan Hokkaido Univ, Inst Low Temp Sci Sapporo Hokkaido 0600819 Japan <9> UI - 646QG-0003 DD - ISI Document Solution: 646QG AU - Pfundel EE MA - pfuendel@botanik.uni-wuerzburg.de RA - Pfundel EE TI - Action of UV and visible radiation on chlorophyll fluorescence from dark-adapted grape leaves (Vitis vinifera L.) SO - Photosynthesis Research. 75(1):29-39, 2003. AS - Photosynth. Res 2003;75(1):29-39 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0166-8595 MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Model MH - Photoinhibition MH - Psii MH - Uv. MH - Photosynthetic electron-transport MH - Ultraviolet-b radiation MH - Ii reaction center MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Ozone depletion MH - Higher-plants MH - Photoinhibition MH - Inhibition MH - Light MH - Temperature. AB - Grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Silvaner) were cultivated under shaded conditions in the absence of UV radiation in a greenhouse, and subsequently placed outdoors under filters transmitting natural radiation, or screening out the UV-B (280 to 315 nm), or screening out the UV-A (315 to 400 nm) and the UV-B spectral range. All conditions decreased maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (F-M) and increased minimum chlorophyll fluorescence (F-0) from dark-adapted leaves; however, with increasing UV, F-M quenching was stimulated but increases in F-0 were reduced. The F-V/F-M ratio (where F-V=F-M-F-0) was clearly reduced by visible radiation (VIS): UV-B caused a moderate extra-reduction in F-V/F-M. Exposure of leaves (V. vinifera L. cv. Bacchus) to UV or VIS lamps quenched the F-M to similar extents; further, UV-B doses comparable to the field, quenched F-0. A model was developed to describe how natural radiation intensities affect PS II and thereby change leaf fluorescence. Fitting theory to experiment was successful when the same F-M yield for UV- and VIS-inactivated PS II was assumed, and for lower F-0 yields of UV- than for VIS-inactivated PS II. It is deduced, that natural UV can produce inactivated PS II exhibiting relatively high F-V/F-M. The presence of UV- inactivated PS II is difficult to detect by measuring F-V/F-M in leaves. Hence, relative concentrations of intact PS II during outdoor exposure were derived from F-M. These concentrations, but not F-V/F-M, correlated reasonably well with CO2 gas exchange measurements. Consequently, PS II inhibition by natural UV could be a main factor for UV inhibition of photosynthesis. [References: 43] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Pfundel EE Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Bot 2 Julius von Sachs Pl 3 D-97082 Wurzburg Germany Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Bot 2 D-97082 Wurzburg Germany <10> UI - 646QG-0005 DD - ISI Document Solution: 646QG AU - Camara-Artigas A AU - Blankenship RE AU - Allen JP MA - jallen@asu.edu RA - Allen JP TI - The structure of the FMO protein from Chlorobium tepidum at 2.2 angstrom resolution SO - Photosynthesis Research. 75(1):49-55, 2003. AS - Photosynth. Res 2003;75(1):49-55 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0166-8595 MH - Energy transfer MH - Green bacteria MH - Light harvesting complexes MH - X-ray diffraction. MH - Bacterium prosthecochloris-aestuarii MH - Green photosynthetic bacteria MH - Excited-state structure MH - Matthews-olson protein MH - Integral interpretation MH - Excitation transfer MH - Sulfur bacteria MH - Bacteriochlorophyll MH - Complex MH - Spectra. AB - The bacteriochlorophyll protein, or FMO protein, from Chlorobium tepidum, which serves as a light-harvesting complex and directs light energy from the chlorosomes attached to the cell membrane to the reaction center has been crystallized in a new space group. The crystals belong to the cubic space group P4(3)32 and the structure has been refined to a resolution 2.2 Angstrom with a R factor of 19.7%. The electron density maps show that the structure is composed of two beta sheets that surround seven bacteriochlorophylls as previously reported (Li et al. (1997) J Mol Biol 271: 456-471). The availability of the new data allows a more accurate refinement of the pigment-protein complex including identification of bound solvent molecules. Several structural differences probably contribute to the observed spectroscopic differences between the FMO proteins from Cb. tepidum and Prosthecochloris aestuarii, including differences in the planarity of corresponding tetrapyrroles. A citrate molecule is found on the surface of each protein subunit of the trimer from Cb. tepidum. However, the citrate molecule is over 15 Angstrom from any bacteriochlorophyll. The presence of the citrate probably does not contribute to the function of the protein although it does contribute to the crystallization as it interacts with a crystallographically related trimer. Among the 236 water molecules found in the protein are four that appear to play a special role in the properties of bacteriochlorophyll 2, as this tetrapyrrole is coordinated by one of these water molecules and the waters form a hydrogen-bonded network that leads to the surface of the protein. [References: 31] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Allen JP Arizona State Univ, Ctr Study Early Events Photosynth Tempe, AZ 85287 USA Arizona State Univ, Ctr Study Early Events Photosynth Tempe, AZ 85287 USA Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Tempe, AZ 85287 USA Univ Almeria, Dept Quim Fis Bioquim & Quim Inorgan Almeria Spain <11> UI - 646QG-0006 DD - ISI Document Solution: 646QG AU - Peterson RB AU - Havir EA MA - Richard.Peterson@po.state.ct.us RA - Peterson RB TI - Contrasting modes of regulation of PSII light utilization with changing irradiance in normal and psbS mutant leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana SO - Photosynthesis Research. 75(1):57-70, 2003. AS - Photosynth. Res 2003;75(1):57-70 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0166-8595 MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Gas exchange MH - Photoinhibition MH - Photosynthesis MH - Quantum yield. MH - Pigment-binding protein MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Xanthophyll-cycle MH - Electron-transport MH - Excitation-energy MH - Higher-plants MH - Photoinhibition MH - Photosynthesis MH - Dissipation. AB - Complementary techniques of chlorophyll a fluorescence, steady state CO2 exchange, and O-2 release during a multiple turnover flash were applied to compare responses to irradiance for leaves of wild type and psbS mutants. The latter included variants in which the psbS gene was deleted (npq4-1) or possessed a single point mutation (npq4-9). Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) was reduced by up to 80 and 50%, respectively, in these lines at high irradiance. Analysis of changes in steady-state fluorescence yields and quantum yield of linear electron transport in the context of the reversible radical pair model of Photosystem II (PS II) indicated that NPQ occurs by nonradiative deactivation of chlorophyll singlet states in normal leaves. In contrast, application of the same criteria together with the observed irreversibility of NPQ and decline in density of functional PS II reaction centers following excessive illumination indicated a change in reaction center properties for the psbS deletion phenotype (Npq4-1(-)). Specifically, PS II reaction centers in Npq4-1(-) convert to a photochemically inactive, yet strongly quenching, form in intense light. The possibility of formation of a carotenoid or chlorophyll cation quencher in the reaction center is discussed. Results for the point mutant phenotype (Npq4-9(-)) were intermediate to those of wildtype and Npq4-1(-). Furthermore, wild-type leaves exhibited a significant reversible increase in the PS II in vivo rate constant for photochemistry (k(P0)) in saturating compared to limiting light. Changes in k(P0) could not be accounted for in terms of a classic phosphorylation-dependent (state transition) mechanism. Changes in k(P0) may arise from alternate pigment-protein conformations that alter the way excitons equilibrate among PS II chromophores. The lack of similar irradiance-dependent changes in k(P0) for the psbS mutants suggests a role for the PS II-S protein in the regulation of exciton distribution. [References: 35] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Peterson RB Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Biochem & Genet 123 Huntington St New Haven, CT 06511 USA Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Biochem & Genet New Haven, CT 06511 USA <12> UI - 646QG-0007 DD - ISI Document Solution: 646QG AU - Michel KP AU - Berry S AU - Hifney A AU - Kruip J AU - Pistorius EK MA - e.pistorius@uni-bielefeld.de RA - Pistorius EK TI - Adaptation to iron deficiency: a comparison between the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 wild-type and a DpsA-free mutant SO - Photosynthesis Research. 75(1):71-84, 2003. AS - Photosynth. Res 2003;75(1):71-84 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0166-8595 MH - Adaptation to iron deficiency MH - Dpsa MH - Idia MH - Isia MH - Linear and cyclic electron flow MH - Respiration MH - Synechococcus sp strain pcc 7942. MH - Dna-binding protein MH - Anacystis-nidulans r2 MH - Sp strains pcc-6301 MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Oxidative stress MH - Membrane-protein MH - Idia protein MH - Sp pcc-7942 MH - Isia gene. AB - To learn more about the adaptive response of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 to iron starvation and the role of DpsA, presumably a protein protecting chromosomal DNA against oxidative damage, we performed a comparative analysis of S. elongatus PCC 7942 wild-type and a DpsA-free mutant, called K11. Relative to wild-type, the DpsA-free mutant had significantly higher amounts of phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, even upon iron limitation. While the Photosystem I activity in mutant K11 remained high under iron deficiency, the Photosystem II activity dropped severely with respect to wild-type. The DpsA content in wild-type was already fairly high under regular growth conditions and did not significantly increase under iron deficiency nor in the presence of 0.3 mM 2'2'-dipyridyl in iron-sufficient BG11 medium. Nevertheless, the absence of DpsA in K11 resulted in a significantly altered transcriptional/translational activity of genes known to be involved in adaptation to iron starvation. The amount of isiA/B transcript was about two-fold lower than in wild-type, resulting in a lower 77 K chlorophyll a fluorescence at 685 nm, implying a lower concentration of Photosystem I-IsiA supercomplexes. While in wildtype idiA, idiB, and irpA transcripts were highly up-regulated, hardly any were detectable in mutant K11 under iron limitation. The concentration of mapA transcript, however, was greatly increased in K11 compared to wild-type. Measurements of acridine yellow fluorescence with intact wild-type and K11 cells revealed that iron deficiency caused an increased contribution of cyclic electron transport to membrane energisation and ATP synthesis being in agreement with the formation of the Photosystem I-IsiA supercomplex. In addition, mutant K11 had a much higher respiratory activity compared to wild-type under iron limitation. [References: 57] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Pistorius EK Univ Bielefeld D-33615 Bielefeld Germany Univ Bielefeld D-33615 Bielefeld Germany Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Biochem Pflanzen D-44780 Bochum Germany <13> UI - 647FE-0034 DD - ISI Document Solution: 647FE AU - Bullerwell CE AU - Leigh J AU - Forget L AU - Lang BF MA - franz.lang@umontreal.ca RA - Lang BF TI - A comparison of three fission yeast mitochondrial genomes SO - Nucleic Acids Research. 31(2):759-768, 2003 Jan 15. AS - Nucleic Acids Res 2003 Jan 15;31(2):759-768 PU - OXFORD UNIV PRESS, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.oup.co.uk IS - 0305-1048 MH - Group-i intron MH - Schizosaccharomyces-pombe MH - Phylogenetic-relationships MH - Saccharomyces-cerevisiae MH - Secondary structure MH - Ribosomal-rna MH - Gene content MH - Sequence MH - Dna MH - Subunit. AB - The fission yeasts are members of the fungal order Schizosaccharomycetales, a candidate deep-diverging group within Ascomycota. Although a great deal of molecular information is available from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a model eukaryote, very little is available from other members of this group. In order to better characterize mitochondrial genome evolution in this fungal lineage, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of two additional fission yeasts, Schizosaccharomyces octosporus and Schizosaccharomyces japonicus var. japonicus, was sequenced. Whereas the mtDNA of S.pombe is only 19 431 bp, the mtDNA of S.octosporus is 44 227 bp, and that of S.japonicus var. japonicus is over 80 kb. The size variation of these mtDNAs is due largely to non-coding regions. The gene content in the latter two mtDNAs is almost identical to that of the completely sequenced S.pombe mtDNA, which encodes 25 tRNA species, the large and small mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs (rnl and rns), the RNA component of mitochondrial RNaseP (rnpB), mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal protein 3 (rps3), cytochrome oxidase subunits 1, 2 and 3 (cox1, cox2 and cox3) and ATP-synthase subunits 6, 8 and 9 (atp6, atp8 and atp9). However, trnI2(cau) (C modified to lysidine) is absent in the S.octosporus mtDNA, as are corresponding ATA codons in its protein-coding genes, and rps3 and rnpB are not found in the mtDNA of S.japonicus var. japonicus. The mtDNA of S.octosporus contains five double hairpin elements, the first report of these elements in an ascomycete. This study provides further evidence in favor of the mobility of these elements, and supports their role in mitochondrial genome rearrangement. The results of our phylogenetic analysis support the monophyly of the Schizosaccharomycetales, but question their grouping within the Archiascomycota. [References: 54] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Lang BF Univ Montreal, Dept Biochim 2900 Boul Edouard Montpetit Montreal PQ H3T 1J4 Canada Univ Montreal, Dept Biochim Montreal PQ H3T 1J4 Canada Dalhousie Univ, Program Evolutionary Biol, Canadian Inst Adv Res, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol Halifax NS B3H 4H7 Canada <14> UI - 645YG-0010 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645YG AU - Perdices A AU - Doadrio I AU - Economidis PS AU - Bohlen J AU - Banarescu P MA - Anabelperdices@email.com RA - Perdices A TI - Pleistocene effects on the European freshwater fish fauna: double origin of the cobitid genus Sabanejewia in the Danube basin (Osteichthyes : Cobitidae) SO - Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 26(2):289-299, 2003 Feb. AS - Mol. Phylogenet. Evol 2003 Feb;26(2):289-299 PU - ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA. URL: http://www.apnet.com IS - 1055-7903 MH - Atp synthase 8 and 6 MH - Cobitidae MH - Cytochrome b MH - Freshwater fishes MH - Mitochondrial dna MH - Phylogeography MH - Pleistocene glaciations. MH - Cytochrome-b sequences MH - Chub leuciscus-cephalus MH - Mitochondrial-dna MH - Cottus-gobio MH - Phylogenetic-relationships MH - Postglacial colonization MH - Molecular evidence MH - Water fishes MH - Phylogeography MH - Evolutionary. AB - Biogeographical hypotheses of European freshwater fishes were inferred using phylogeographic analysis of the complete cytochrome b and ATP synthase 8 and 6 mitochondrial genes (1982 bp). To test the relative importance of drainage origin versus Pleistocene glaciations in the origin of primary freshwater fishes in Europe, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Sabanejewia which is distributed in European waters. The phylogenetic relationships recovered for the genus Sabanejewia (n = 75) provide support for the monophyly of six main evolutionary mtDNA lineages: Sabanejewia larvata, Sabanejewia romanica, Sabanejewia aurata/Sabanejewia caucasica, Sabanejewia kubanica, Sabanejewia baltica, and the Danubian-Balkanian complex. The Caucasian-Caspian mtDNA lineages, S. kubanica, S. aurata/S. caucasica, and the Northern European S. baltica represents the sister group of the Danubian-Balkanian complex mtDNAclade, supporting a Caucasian-Northern European origin of most of mtDNA lineages of the Central European freshwater fish fauna. The mtDNA divergence observed between the Danubian Sabanejewia species is too dissimilar to support their contemporary origin. Rather, the mtDNA data suggest that the Danubian Sabanejewia lineages most likely have a double origin, indicating that the European Sabanejewia lineages have experienced different historical processes for the following reasons. First, the origin of the S. larvata and S. romanica mtDNA clades predates the origin of the Danubian-Balkanian complex, and our results showed that the completion of the Alps and the origin of the Danube drainage seem to have promoted the speciation of the earliest Sabanejewia clades in the Miocene. Second, small genetic distances and the geographical pattern found within the Danubian-Balkanian complex clade indicate that the lineages included in this clade spread recently across the Danube and Greek river drainages. The inclusion of the S. balcanica species within all mtDNA lineages suggests that cyclical cold periods during the Pleistocene glaciations have favoured its rapid expansion and genetic homogenisation across Central European and Greek waters. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. [References: 34] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biology in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Experimental Biology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Perdices A Fac Ciencias Lisboa, Dept Zool & Anthropol, Ctr Biol Ambiental Bloco C-2,Piso,Campo Grande P-1749016 Lisbon Portugal Museo Nacl Ciencias Nat, Dept Biodivers & Evolutionary Biol Madrid 28006 Spain Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Ichthyol GR-54006 Thessaloniki Greece Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet Libechov 27721 Czech Republic Inst Biol, Lab Biol Evolut RO-78114 Bucharest Romania <15> UI - 646VN-0012 DD - ISI Document Solution: 646VN AU - Lefebvre-Legendre L AU - Balguerie A AU - Duvezin-Caubet S AU - Giraud MF AU - Slonimski PP AU - di Rago JP MA - jp.dirago@ibgc.u-bordeaux2.fr RA - di Rago JP TI - F-1-catalysed ATP hydrolysis is required for mitochondrial biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing under conditions where it cannot respire SO - Molecular Microbiology. 47(5):1329-1339, 2003 Mar. AS - Mol. Microbiol 2003 Mar;47(5):1329-1339 PU - BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD, 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.blackwell-science.com IS - 0950-382X MH - Slow-growth phenotype MH - Intact yeast-cells MH - Nuclear genes MH - Alpha-subunit MH - Beta-subunit MH - Oxidative-phosphorylation MH - Adenosine-triphosphatase MH - Kluyveromyces-lactis MH - Chaperone functions MH - Protein import. AB - Mutant strains of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking a functional F-1-ATPase were found to grow very poorly under anaerobic conditions. A single amino acid replacement (K222>E222) that locally disrupts the adenine nucleotide catalytic site in the beta-F-1 subunit was sufficient to compromise anaerobic growth. This mutation also affected growth in aerated conditions when ethidium bromide (an intercalating agent impairing mtDNA propagation) or antimycin (an inhibitor of respiration) was included in the medium. F-1-deficient cells forced to grow in oxygen-limited conditions were shown to lose their mtDNA completely and to accumulate Hsp60p mainly under its precursor form. Fluorescence microscopy analyses with a modified GFP containing a mitochondrial targeting presequence revealed that aerobically growing F-1-deficient cells stopped importing the GFP when antimycin was added to the medium. Finally, after total inactivation of the catalytic alpha(3) beta(3) subcomplex of F-1, mitochondria could no longer be energized by externally added ATP because of either a block in assembly or local disruption of the adenine nucleotide processing site. Altogether these data strengthen the notion that in the absence of respiration, and whether the proton translocating domain (F-0) of complex V is present or not, F-1-catalysed hydrolysis of ATP is essential for the occurrence of vital cellular processes depending on the maintenance of an electrochemical potential across the mitochondrial inner membrane. [References: 46] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: di Rago JP Univ Bordeaux 2, Inst Biochim & Genet Cellulaires, CNRS F-33077 Bordeaux France Univ Bordeaux 2, Inst Biochim & Genet Cellulaires, CNRS F-33077 Bordeaux France Univ Paris 06, Ctr Genet Mol, CNRS, Lab Propre Associe F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette France <16> UI - 645YP-0003 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645YP AU - Brooks AI AU - Chattopadhyay S AU - Mitchison HM AU - Nussbaum RL AU - Pearce DA MA - david_pearce@urmc.rochester.edu RA - Pearce DA TI - Functional categorization of gene expression changes in the cerebellum of a Cln3-knockout mouse model for Batten disease SO - Molecular Genetics & Metabolism. 78(1):17-30, 2003 Jan. AS - Mol. Genet. Metab 2003 Jan;78(1):17-30 PU - ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA. URL: http://www.apnet.com IS - 1096-7192 MH - Batten disease MH - Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses MH - Cln3 MH - Microarrays MH - Gene expression MH - Neurodegeneration MH - Cerebellum. MH - Mitochondrial atp synthase MH - Subunit-c MH - Cln3 protein MH - Localization MH - Lysosomes MH - Storage MH - Clues. AB - Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL or Batten Disease) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder of childhood. The disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and is the result of mutations in the CLN3 gene. One brain region severely affected in Batten disease is the cerebellum. Using a mouse model for Batten disease which shares pathological similarities to the disease in humans we have used oligonucleotide arrays to profile approximately 19,000 mRNAs in the cerebellum. We have identified reproducible changes of twofold or more in the expression of 756 gene products in the cerebellum of 10-week-old Cln3-knockout mice as compared to wild-type controls. We have subsequently divided these genes with altered expression into 14 functional categories. We report a significant alteration in expression of genes associated with neurotransmission, neuronal cell structure and development, immune response and inflammation, and lipid metabolism. An apparent shift in metabolism toward gluconeogenesis is also evident in Cln3-knockout mice. Further experimentation will be necessary to understand the contribution of these changes in expression to a disease state. Detailed analysis of the functional consequences of altered expression of genes in the cerebellum of the Cln3-knockout mice may provide valuable clues in understanding the molecular basis of the pathological mechanisms underlying Batten disease. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. [References: 19] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Molecular Biology & Genetics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Pearce DA Univ Rochester, Ctr Aging & Dev Biol, Sch Med & Dent Rochester, NY 14642 USA Univ Rochester, Ctr Aging & Dev Biol, Sch Med & Dent Rochester, NY 14642 USA Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Ctr Funct Genom Rochester, NY 14642 USA Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Environm Med Rochester, NY 14642 USA Royal Free & Univ Coll London Med Sch, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth London WC1E 655 England NHGRI, NIH Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Biochem & Biophys Rochester, NY 14642 USA <17> UI - 645XR-0014 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645XR AU - Li K AU - Hartig E AU - Klug G MA - gabriele.klug@mikro.bio.uni-giessen.de RA - Klug G TI - Thioredoxin 2 is involved in oxidative stress defence and redox-dependent expression of photosynthesis genes in Rhodobacter capsulatus SO - Microbiology. 149(Part 2):419-430, 2003 Feb. AS - Microbiology-(UK) 2003 Feb;149(Part 2):419-430 PU - SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY, MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/default.htm IS - 1350-0872 MH - Escherichia-coli thioredoxin MH - Methionine sulfoxide reductase MH - T7 deoxyribonucleic-acid MH - Dna-polymerase MH - Sphaeroides y MH - Light MH - Cloning MH - Oxygen MH - Bacteriochlorophyll MH - Replication. AB - Thioredoxins are small ubiquitous proteins that display different functions mainly via redox-mediated processes. The facultatively photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus harbours at least two genes for thioredoxin 1 and 2, trxA and trxC. It is demonstrated that thioredoxin 2 of R. capsulatus can partially replace the thioredoxin 1 function as a hydrogen donor for methionine sulfoxide reductase but cannot replace thioredoxin 1 as a subunit of phage T7 DNA polymerase. By inactivating the trxC gene in R. capsulatus, it is shown that thioredoxin 2 is involved in resistance against oxidative stress. As thioredoxin 1 of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, R. capsulatus thioredoxin 2 affects the oxygen-dependent expression of photosynthesis genes, albeit in an opposite way. The trxC mutant of R. capsulatus shows a stronger increase in photosynthesis gene expression after a decrease in oxygen tension than the isogenic wild-type strain. The expression of the trxC gene is downregulated by oxygen. [References: 49] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Klug G Univ Giessen, Inst Mikrobiol & Molekularbiol Heinrich Buff Ring 26-32 D-35392 Giessen Germany Univ Giessen, Inst Mikrobiol & Molekularbiol D-35392 Giessen Germany <18> UI - 645XR-0024 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645XR AU - Gomelsky L AU - Sram J AU - Moskvin OV AU - Horne IM AU - Dodd HN AU - Pemberton JM AU - McEwan AG AU - Kaplan S AU - Gomelsky M MA - gomelsky@uwyo.edu RA - Gomelsky M TI - Identification and in vivo characterization of PpaA, a regulator of photosystem formation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides SO - Microbiology. 149(Part 2):377-388, 2003 Feb. AS - Microbiology-(UK) 2003 Feb;149(Part 2):377-388 PU - SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY, MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/default.htm IS - 1350-0872 MH - Photosynthesis gene-expression MH - Puc operon transcription MH - Gram-negative bacteria MH - Methionine synthase MH - Salmonella-typhimurium MH - Electron-transport MH - Sequence-analysis MH - Oxygen regulation MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Histidine kinase. AB - A regulatory protein, PpaA, involved in photosystem formation in the anoxygenic phototrophic proteobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been identified and characterized in vivo. Based on the phenotypes of cells expressing the ppaA gene in extra copy and on the phenotype of the ppaA null mutant, it was concluded that PpaA activates photopigment production and puc operon expression under aerobic conditions. This is in contrast to the function of the PpaA homologue from Rhodobacter capsulatus, AerR, which acts as a repressor under aerobic conditions [Dong, C., Elsen, S., Swem, L. R. & Bauer, C. E. (2002). J Bacteriol 184, 2805-2814]. The expression of the ppaA gene increases several-fold in response to a decrease in oxygen tension, suggesting that the PpaA protein is active under conditions of low or no oxygen. However, no discernible phenotype of a ppaA null mutant was observed under anaerobic conditions tested thus far. The photosystem gene repressor PpsR mediates repression of ppaA gene expression under aerobic conditions. Sequence analysis of PpaA homologues from several anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria revealed a putative corrinoid-binding domain. It is suggested that PpaA binds a corrinoid cofactor and the availability or structure of this cofactor affects PpaA activity. [References: 59] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Gomelsky M Univ Wyoming, Dept Biol Mol Laramie, WY 82071 USA Univ Wyoming, Dept Biol Mol Laramie, WY 82071 USA Univ Queensland, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet Houston, TX 77030 USA <19> UI - 645ZA-0008 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645ZA AU - Reid GM RA - Reid GM TI - Candida albicans and selenium SO - Medical Hypotheses. 60(2):188-189, 2003 Feb. AS - Med. Hypotheses 2003 Feb;60(2):188-189 PU - CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE, JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. URL: http://www.churchillmed.com IS - 0306-9877 MH - Deficient MH - Rats. AB - Although low selenium levels have been recorded in infants, no specific human disorder has been linked to low selenium status. The incidence of thrush, the common enteric fungal infection caused by Candida albicans, has increased markedly with antibiotic therapy and research has provided evidence that its colonization leads to competition for Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the host. Furthermore it is now known that ubiquinones are essential in heart muscle for oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and considered that glutathione peroxiclase (GSHPx) in the mitochondria protects ubiquinone from oxidation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 15] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Clinical Medicine Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Research/Laboratory Medicine & Medical Technology in Current Contents(R)/Clinical Medicine. Medical Research, General Topics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Reid GM 25 Gilchrist St Te Aroha New Zealand <20> UI - 645ZA-0018 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645ZA AU - Kurup RK AU - Kurup PA MA - kvgnair@satyam.net.in RA - Kurup PA TI - Hypothalamic digoxin - central role in conscious perception, neuroimmunoendocrine integration and coordination of cellular function - relation to hemispheric dominance SO - Medical Hypotheses. 60(2):243-257, 2003 Feb. AS - Med. Hypotheses 2003 Feb;60(2):243-257 PU - CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE, JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND. URL: http://www.churchillmed.com IS - 0306-9877 MH - Endogenous digoxin MH - Glycosaminoglycans MH - Ubiquinone MH - Metabolism MH - Disorders MH - Dolichol MH - Receptor MH - Brain MH - Rats. AB - A family with a high prevalence of Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, neoplasms, syndrome-X, rheumatoid arthritis and epilepsy has been described. The psychological behavioural patterns of the family were as follows-creativity and high IQ, hypersexual behaviour, reduced appetite and eating behaviour, insomnia and reduced sleep patterns, increased tendency for spirituality, increased tendency for addiction, less of bonding and affectionate behaviour and left handedness. Digoxin, an endogenous Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitor secreted by the hypothalamus, was found to be elevated and RBC membrane Na+-K+ ATPase activity was found to be reduced in all the disorders and in the indexed family studied. Hypothalamic digoxin can modulate conscious perception and its dysfunction may lead to schizophrenia. Digoxin can also preferentially upregulate tryptophan transport over tyrosine resulting in increased levels of depolarising tryptophan catabolites-serotonin, quinolinic acid, strychnine and nicotine and decreased levels of hyperpolarising tyrosine catabolites dopamine, noradrenaline and morphine contributing to membrane Na+-K+ ATPase inhibition in all the above disorders and the indexed family. Digoxin induced membrane Na+-K+ ATPase inhibition can result in increased intracellular Ca2+ and reduced Mg++ levels leading to glutamate excitotoxicity, oncogene activation and immune activation. Digoxin induced altered Ca++/Mg++ ratios, reduced ubiquinone and increased dolichol can affect glycoconjugate metabolism, membrane formation and structure and mitochondrial function leading to the diverse disorders described above including those in the indexed family. The isoprenoid pathway and neurotransmitter patterns were compared in right-handed/left hemispheric dominant and left-handed/right hemispheric dominant individuals. The biochemical patterns in the indexed family and the diverse disorders studied correlated with those obtained in right hemispheric dominance. The hyperdigoxinemic state indicates right hemispheric dominance. Hypothalamic digoxin can thus function as the master conductor of the neuroimmunoendocrine orchestra and co-ordinate the functions of various cellular organelles. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 51] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Clinical Medicine Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Research/Laboratory Medicine & Medical Technology in Current Contents(R)/Clinical Medicine. Medical Research, General Topics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Kurup PA TC 4-1525,N Cliff House,Kattu Rd,Kowdiar Trivandrum Kerala India Med Coll Hosp Trivandrum Trivandrum Kerala India Metab Disorders Res Ctr Trivandrum Kerala India <21> UI - 647AC-0021 DD - ISI Document Solution: 647AC AU - Machida T AU - Kawamura K RA - Machida T TI - Irreversible electron transfer between two atoms SO - Journal of the Physical Society of Japan. 72(2):299-306, 2003 Feb. AS - J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 2003 Feb;72(2):299-306 PU - PHYSICAL SOCIETY JAPAN, KIKAI-SHINKO BUILDING, 3-5-8 SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN. URL: http://wwwsoc.nacsis.ac.jp/jps/ IS - 0031-9015 MH - Electron transfer MH - Irreversible transition MH - Adiabatic approximation. MH - Photosynthetic reaction-center MH - Bacterial reaction centers MH - 3-level system driven MH - Delayed laser-pulses MH - Cytochrome-c-oxidase MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides MH - Proton-transfer MH - Population transfer MH - Structural-changes MH - Mechanism. AB - The subject of the present paper is a novel electron transfer between two atoms. It takes place irreversibly when, for instance, an atom accommodating an electron slowly approaches to another neutral atom under certain conditions. This irreversible process exhibited by a dynamical system is studied in adiabatic approximation. Possible application to the study of electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction center is also discussed. [References: 23] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Physics in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Machida T Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kohoku Ku 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Yokohama Kanagawa 2238522 Japan Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kohoku Ku Yokohama Kanagawa 2238522 Japan <22> UI - 645VN-0008 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645VN AU - Guan ZZ AU - Yu WF AU - Shan KR AU - Nordman T AU - Olsson J AU - Nordberg A MA - zhizhong.guan@neurotec.ki.se RA - Guan ZZ TI - Loss of nicotinic receptors induced by beta-amyloid peptides in PC12 cells: Possible mechanism involving lipid peroxidation SO - Journal of Neuroscience Research. 71(3):397-406, 2003 Feb 1. AS - J. Neurosci. Res 2003 Feb 1;71(3):397-406 PU - WILEY-LISS, DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA. URL: http://www.wiley.com IS - 0360-4012 MH - Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor MH - Beta-amyloid peptides MH - Lipid peroxidation MH - Alzheimer's disease MH - Pc12 cells. MH - Bromide mtt reduction MH - Alzheimers-disease MH - Acetylcholine-receptors MH - Hippocampal-neurons MH - Oxidative stress MH - Rat-brain MH - Temporal cortex MH - Frontal-cortex MH - Membranes MH - Protein. AB - The mechanisms involved in the loss of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), seen in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in cultured cells treated by beta-amylold peptides (Abetas), remain elusive. We give results to show that lipid peroxiclation induced directly by Abeta might be involved in the deficits of nAChRs. In the study, PC12 cells were treated by addition of 5 muM of Abeta(25-35) and Abeta(1-40), respectively, with or without a antioxidant, vitamin E. Besides significantly decreased MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5,diphenyltetrazolium bromide) reduction, an increased lipid peroxiclation was detected in the cells, but no protein oxidation. Significant reductions in [H-3]epibatidine and [I-125]alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites and in the protein levels of the alpha3 and alpha7 nAChR subunits were observed in the cells treated with Abetas. Furthermore, Abeta(25-35) decreased the level of ubiquinone-9 in PC12 cells, but did not change the amount of cholesterol, providing further evidence for lipid peroxiclation. Interestingly, when PC12 cells were pretreated by antioxidant before the addition of Abetas, the lipid peroxiclation and the decreased ubiquinone resulted from Abetas were prohibited. The decreases of nAChR binding sites and subunit proteins resulted from Abetas were mostly prevented by the pretreatment with antioxidant. These findings suggest that lipid peroxiclation stimulated by Abetas might be a mechanism for the loss of nAChRs associated with the pathogenesis of AD. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [References: 66] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Neurosciences & Behavior in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Guan ZZ Huddinge Univ Hosp, Div Mol Neuropharmacol, Dept NEUROTEC, Karolinska Inst B84 SE-14186 Stockholm Sweden Huddinge Univ Hosp, Div Mol Neuropharmacol, Dept NEUROTEC, Karolinska Inst SE-14186 Stockholm Sweden Huddinge Univ Hosp, Div Mol Neuropharmacol, Dept Clin Neurosci Occupat Therapy & Elderly Care, Karolinska Inst SE-14186 Stockholm Sweden Huddinge Univ Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Div Pathol, Dept Microbiol Pathol & Immunol Stockholm Sweden Guiyang Med Coll, Dept Mol Biol Guiyang Peoples R China <23> UI - 646VH-0020 DD - ISI Document Solution: 646VH AU - Ohsawa I AU - Nishimaki K AU - Yasuda C AU - Kamino K AU - Ohta S MA - ohta@nms.ac.jp RA - Ohta S TI - Deficiency in a mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase increases vulnerability to oxidative stress in PC12 cells SO - Journal of Neurochemistry. 84(5):1110-1117, 2003 Mar. AS - J. Neurochem 2003 Mar;84(5):1110-1117 PU - BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD, 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.blackwell-science.com IS - 0022-3042 MH - Aldehyde dehydrogenase MH - Alzheimer's disease MH - 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal MH - Mitochondria MH - Oxidative stress. MH - Amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis MH - Amyloid beta-peptide MH - Lipid-peroxidation MH - Alzheimers-disease MH - Rat-liver MH - Immunohistochemical detection MH - Alcohol sensitivity MH - Japanese alcoholics MH - Inheritance MH - Expression. AB - Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) plays a major role in acetaldehyde detoxification. The alcohol sensitivity is associated with a genetic deficiency of ALDH2. We have previously reported that this deficiency influences the risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. However, the biological effects of the deficiency on neuronal cells are poorly understood. Thus, we obtained ALDH2-deficient cell lines by introducing mouse mutant Aldh2 cDNA into PC12 cells. The mutant ALDH2 repressed mitochondrial ALDH activity in a dominant negative fashion, but not cytosolic activity. The resultant ALDH2-deficient transfectants were highly vulnerable to exogenous 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, an aldehyde derivative generated by the reaction of superoxide with unsaturated fatty acid. In addition, the ALDH2-deficient transfectants were sensitive to oxidative insult induced by antimycin A, accompanied by an accumulation of proteins modified with 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Thus, these findings suggest that mitochondrial ALDH2 functions as a protector against oxidative stress. [References: 47] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Neurosciences & Behavior in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Ohta S Nippon Med Coll, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Inst Gerontol, Nakahara Ku 1-396 Kosugi Cho Kawasaki Kanagawa 2118533 Japan Nippon Med Coll, Dept Biochem & Cell Biol, Inst Gerontol, Nakahara Ku Kawasaki Kanagawa 2118533 Japan <24> UI - 645UK-0026 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645UK AU - Prince SM AU - Howard TD AU - Myles DAA AU - Wilkinson C AU - Papiz MZ AU - Freer AA AU - Cogdell RJ AU - Isaacs NW MA - steve.prince@umist.ac.uk RA - Prince SM TI - Detergent structure in crystals of the integral membrane light-harvesting complex LH2 from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 10050 SO - Journal of Molecular Biology. 326(1):307-315, 2003 Feb 7. AS - J. Mol. Biol 2003 Feb 7;326(1):307-315 PU - ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.apnet.com IS - 0022-2836 MH - Membrane protein MH - Detergent MH - Neutron-scattering MH - Contrast MH - Crystallography. MH - Electron-density maps MH - Contrast variation MH - Ompf porin MH - Crystallization MH - B800-850 MH - Proteins MH - Phase. AB - Integral membrane proteins are solubilized by their incorporation into a detergent micelle. The detergent micelle has a critical influence on the formation of a three-dimensional crystal lattice. The bulk detergent phase is not seen in X-ray crystal structures of integral membrane proteins, due to its disordered character. Here, we describe the detergent structure present in crystals of the peripheral light-harvesting complex of the purple bacteria Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 10050 at a maximal resolution of 12 Angstrom as determined by neutron crystallography. The LH2 molecule has a toroidal shape and spans the membrane completely in vivo. A volume of 16% of the unit cell could be ascribed to detergent tails, localized on both the inner and outer hydrophobic surfaces of the molecule. The detergent tail volumes were found to be associated with individual LH2 molecules, and had no direct role in the formation of the crystalline lattice. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 25] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Molecular Biology & Genetics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Prince SM UMIST, Dept Biomol Sci POB 88 Manchester M60 1QD Lancs England Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem Glasgow G12 8QQ Lanark Scotland Univ Glasgow, IBLS, Div Biochem & Mol Biol Glasgow G12 8QQ Lanark Scotland European Mol Biol Lab, Grenoble Outstn F-38042 Grenoble France Daresbury Lab, CLRC Warrington WA4 4AD Cheshire England <25> UI - 646GG-0004 DD - ISI Document Solution: 646GG AU - Philipp E AU - Fabricius K MA - k.fabricius@aims.gov.au RA - Fabricius K TI - Photophysiological stress in scleractinian corals in response to short-term sedimentation SO - Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology. 287(1):57-78, 2003 Feb 26. AS - J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol 2003 Feb 26;287(1):57-78 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.elsevier.nl IS - 0022-0981 MH - Photophysiological stress MH - Scleractinian corals MH - Short-term sedimentation. MH - Elevated-temperature MH - Reef corals MH - Costa-rica MH - Efficiency MH - Rejection MH - Zooxanthellae MH - Settlement MH - Turbidity MH - Patterns MH - Cahuita. AB - Effects of short-term sedimentation on corm-non coastal coral species were investigated in laboratory and field experiments on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) using pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorometry. In the laboratory, changes in maximal quantum yields of photosystem 11 (F-v/F-m.) in Montipora peltiformis were examined in response to the amount of sedimentation (79-234 mg cm(-2)) and duration of exposure (0-36 h). In control colonies, F-v/F-m ranged from 0.67 to 0.71, and did not show any temporal trend, while maximum yields of sediment-covered fragments declined steadily and reached levels below 0.1 in most colonies after 36 h coverage. Maximal quantum yield in M. peltiformis declined linearly in relation to both the amount of sediment deposited per unit surface area and the duration of exposure. Zooxanthellae densities and chlorophyll concentrations per unit area of sediment-treated corals decreased in the same manner, however, their responses were not quite as strong as the changes in F-v/F-m. Within the ranges measured, sedimentation stress of colonies exposed to large amounts of sediment for short periods of time was similar to that exposed to low amounts of sediments for prolonged periods of time. Colonies were recovered from short-term, or low-level, sedimentation within < 36 h, whereas long-term exposure, or high levels of sedimentation, killed exposed colony parts. Field experiments comparing susceptibilities of common coastal coral species towards sedimentation showed significant reductions in effective quantum yields (DeltaF/F'(m)) in 9 out of 12 common coastal species after 22 h of exposure. Three out of twelve investigated species were not affected by the experimental application of sediments (Galaxea fascicularis, Fungia crassa, and Pectinia lactuca). Our results suggest that anthropogenic sediment deposition can negatively affect the photosynthetic activity of zooxanthellae and thus the viability of corals. However, the results also showed the ability of corals to compartmentalise sedimentation stress, as the photosynthetic activity only from tissues directly underneath the sediment declined, whereas that of adjacent clean tissues did not change measurably. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 49] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Fabricius K Australian Inst Marine Sci PMB 3 Townsville Qld 4810 Australia Australian Inst Marine Sci Townsville Qld 4810 Australia Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res D-27568 Bremerhaven Germany <26> UI - 645EV-0017 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645EV AU - Meyer S AU - Cartelat A AU - Moya I AU - Cerovic ZG MA - sylvie.meyer@lure.u-psud.fr RA - Meyer S TI - UV-induced blue-green and far-red fluorescence along wheat leaves: a potential signature of leaf ageing SO - Journal of Experimental Botany. 54(383):757-769, 2003 Feb. AS - J. Exp. Bot 2003 Feb;54(383):757-769 PU - OXFORD UNIV PRESS, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.oup.co.uk IS - 0022-0957 MH - Blue-green fluorescence MH - Ferulic acid MH - Fluorescence microscopic imaging MH - Leaf fluorescence MH - Triticum aestivum l.. MH - Laser-induced fluorescence MH - Bound ferulic acid MH - Beta-vulgaris l MH - Cell-walls MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Epidermal-transmittance MH - Phenolic biosynthesis MH - Isolated-chloroplasts MH - Plant cuticles MH - Caffeic acid. AB - Under UV-excitation, leaves emit red (RF) and far-red (FRF) fluorescence from chlorophyll and blue-green fluorescence (BGF) from hydroxycinnamic acids. In this study, the aim was to develop a fluorescence signature of wheat leaf ageing after the emergence of the lamina. FRF and BGF were examined in the first three leaves of 2-week-old wheat plants. It was investigated how FRF and BGF vary as leaf and tissue aged by spectroscopic measurements, time-resolved BGF analysis and microscopic imaging of the leaf surface. It was found that FRF decreased with leaf and tissue ageing because of an accumulation of UV-absorbers in the epidermis. BGF also decreased, but without changes either in the shape of excitation and emission spectra or in the fluorescence lifetime. So, BGF emanated from the leaf surface, without changes in fluorophore composition during leaf ageing. The shape of the BGF spectrum indicates that ferulic acid bound to the cell wall is the main blue-green fluorophore. The effects of pH and solvents on BGF from intact leaves and ferulic acid in solution were similar, confirming the hydroxycinnamic acid origin of BGF. UV-fluorescence microscopic imaging of the surface of intact leaves showed that different epidermis cell types and sclerenchyma bands emitted BGF. The decreasing gradient of BGF from the base to the apex of the lamina could be related to the decrease in the surface of the fluorescent sclerenchyma bands. The significance of FRF and BGF as potential signatures of wheat lamina growth are discussed. [References: 49] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Meyer S Ctr Univ Paris Sud, LURE, CNRS, Equipe Photosynth & Teledetect Bat 203,BP 34 F-91898 Orsay France Ctr Univ Paris Sud, LURE, CNRS, Equipe Photosynth & Teledetect F-91898 Orsay France <27> UI - 645EV-0026 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645EV AU - Lu CM AU - Qiu NW AU - Wang BS AU - Zhang JH MA - jzhang@hkbu.edu.hk RA - Zhang JH TI - Salinity treatment shows no effects on photosystem II photochemistry, but increases the resistance of photosystem II to heat stress in halophyte Suaeda salsa SO - Journal of Experimental Botany. 54(383):851-860, 2003 Feb. AS - J. Exp. Bot 2003 Feb;54(383):851-860 PU - OXFORD UNIV PRESS, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.oup.co.uk IS - 0022-0957 MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Gas exchange MH - Heal stress MH - Photosystem ii photochemistry MH - Salinity treatment MH - Suaeda salsa l.. MH - A fluorescence transient MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Electron-transport MH - Higher-plants MH - Gas-exchange MH - Leaves MH - Photosynthesis MH - Temperature MH - Thermostability MH - Glycinebetaine. AB - Photosynthetic gas exchange, modulated chlorophyll fluorescence, rapid fluorescence induction kinetics, and the polyphasic fluorescence transients were used to evaluate PSII photochemsitry in the halophyte Suaeda salsa exposed to a combination of high salinity (100-400 mM NaCl) and heat stress (35-47.5 degreesC, air temperature). CO2 assimilation rate increased slightly with increasing salt concentration up to 300 mM NaCl and showed no decrease even at 400 mM NaCl. Salinity treatment showed neither effects on the maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry (F-v/F-m), the rapid fluorescence induction kinetics, and the polyphasic fluorescence transients in dark-adapted leaves, nor effects on the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centres (F-v'/F-m') and the actual PSII effciency (Phi(PSII)), photochemical quenching (q(p)), and non-photochemical quenching (q(N)) in light-adapted leaves. The results indicate that high salinity had no effects on PSII photochemistry either in a dark-adapted state or in a light-adapted state. With increasing temperature, CO2 assimilation rate decreased significantly and no net CO2 assimilation was observed at 47.5 degreesC. Salinity treatment had no effect on the response of CO2 assimilation to high temperature when temperature was below 40 degreesC. At 45 degreesC, CO2 assimilation rate in control plants decreased to zero, but the salt-adapted plants still maintained some CO2 assimilation capacity. On the other hand, the responses of PSII photochemistry to heat stress was modified by salinity treatment. When temperature was above 35 degreesC, the declines in F-v/F-m, Phi(PSII), F-v'/F-m', and q(p) were smaller in salt-adapted leaves compared to control leaves. This increased thermostability was independent of the degree of salinity, since no significant changes in the above-described fluorescence parameters were observed among the plants treated with different concentrations of NaCl. During heat stress, a very clear K step as a specific indicator of damage to the O-2-evolving complex in the polyphasic fluorescence transients appeared in control plants, but did not get pronounced in salt-adapted plants. In addition, a greater increase in the ratio (F-i-F-o)/(F-p-F-o) which is an expression of the proportion of the Q(B)-non-reducing PSII centres was observed in control plants rather than in salt-adapted plants. The results suggest that the increased thermostability of PSII seems to be associated with the increased resistance of the O-2-evolving complex and the reaction centres of PSII to high temperature. [References: 42] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Zhang JH Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Photosynth Res Ctr Beijing 100093 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Photosynth Res Ctr Beijing 100093 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Photosynth & Environm Mol Physiol, Inst Bot Beijing 100093 Peoples R China Shandong Normal Univ, Dept Biol Jinan 250014 Peoples R China Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Biol Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China <28> UI - 645GC-0025 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645GC AU - Macedo TB AU - Bastos CS AU - Higley LG AU - Ostlie KR AU - Madhavan S RA - Macedo TB TI - Photosynthetic responses of soybean to soybean aphid (Homoptera : Aphididae) injury SO - Journal of Economic Entomology. 96(1):188-193, 2003 Feb. AS - J. Econ. Entomol 2003 Feb;96(1):188-193 PU - ENTOMOL SOC AMER, 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA. URL: http://www.entsoc.org IS - 0022-0493 MH - Insect-plant relations MH - Fluorescence MH - Gas exchange MH - Photosynthesis MH - Aphis glycines. MH - Chlorophyll-a fluorescence MH - Wheat MH - Induction MH - Tolerance MH - Plants MH - Coleoptera MH - Kinetics MH - Alfalfa MH - Growth MH - Light. AB - The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumara, was discovered in the United States in the summer of 2000. Since that initial discovery, the aphid has spread across northern soybean production regions. In 2001 we examined the physiological responses of soybeans to low aphids densities fewer than 50 aphids/leaf). In this study, we determined photosynthetic rates, leaf fluorescence responses, and photosynthetic responses to variable carbon dioxide and light levels. Ill addition, analyses for chlorophyll content and stable carbon isotope ratios were used to differentiate potential differences in stomata] versus mesophyll limitations to photosynthesis. We observed rate reductions of up to 50% oil infested leaflets, including lealets with no apparent symptoms of aphid injury (such as chlorosis). Differences in fluorescence data indicated that photoelectron transport was not impaired. These results indicate that substantial physiological impact oil soybean is possible even at low aphid densities. Also, the conventional view of aphid injury acting through reductions in chlorophyll content and light-harvesting reactions of photosynthesis is not Supported by Our findings in this system. [References: 31] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Entomology/Pest Control in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Macedo TB Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol Lincoln, NE 68583 USA Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol Lincoln, NE 68583 USA <29> UI - 645GC-0026 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645GC AU - Macedo TB AU - Higley LG AU - Ni X AU - Quisenberry SS MA - macedo@unlserve.unl.edu RA - Macedo TB TI - Light activation of Russian wheat aphid-elicited physiological responses in susceptible wheat SO - Journal of Economic Entomology. 96(1):194-201, 2003 Feb. AS - J. Econ. Entomol 2003 Feb;96(1):194-201 PU - ENTOMOL SOC AMER, 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA. URL: http://www.entsoc.org IS - 0022-0493 MH - Russian wheat aphid MH - Diuraphis noxia MH - Wheat MH - Light modulation MH - Plant physiology MH - Photosynthesis. MH - Diuraphis-noxia homoptera MH - Leaf chlorosis MH - Plant-damage MH - Resistance MH - Eggplant MH - Cereals MH - Injury MH - Oxygen MH - Barley MH - Lines. AB - The impact of light and its role in Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), damage symptom formation, and photosynthetic capacity in 'Arapahoe' wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were examined. After 72 h under continuous dark or continuous light regimes, the number of aphids (nymphs), leaf rolling and chlorosis ratings, fresh leaf weight, and chlorophyll contents were recorded. Photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll a, kinetics and chlorophyll extractions also were determined. Aphid infestation caused significant reductions in plant height, fresh weight, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence only under continuous light. Under the 72 h continuous dark regime, aphid infestation did not cause either damage symptom formation or reduction in plant growth or metabolism (photosynthesis). Furthermore, significantly more D. noxia nymphs were produced under continuous light condition than contintuous dark. Our results demonstrate that the development of D. noxia feeding damage symptoms (i.e., leaf rolling and chlorotic streaks) on susceptible wheat seedlings is a light-activated process, even though the elicitor of the plant damage symptoms is aphid feeding. [References: 34] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Entomology/Pest Control in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Macedo TB Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol Lincoln, NE 68583 USA Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol Lincoln, NE 68583 USA <30> UI - 645VC-0012 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645VC AU - Dussmann H AU - Rehm M AU - Kogel D AU - Prehn JHM MA - prehn@uni-muenster.de RA - Prehn JHM TI - Outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization during apoptosis triggers caspase-independent mitochondrial and caspase-dependent plasma membrane potential depolarization: a single-cell analysis SO - Journal of Cell Science. 116(3):525-536, 2003 Feb 1. AS - J. Cell Sci 2003 Feb 1;116(3):525-536 PU - COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD, BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.cityscape.co.uk/users/ag64/ IS - 0021-9533 MH - Apoptosis MH - Mitochondrial membrane potential MH - Plasma membrane potential MH - Confocal imaging MH - Mitochondrial respiration. MH - Cytochrome-c release MH - Beta-subunit MH - Glutamate excitotoxicity MH - Neuronal apoptosis MH - Death MH - Activation MH - Bcl-2 MH - Shrinkage MH - Protein MH - Domain. AB - Little is known about the temporal relationship between mitochondrial and plasma membrane potential changes and outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization during apoptosis. Confocal imaging of breast carcinoma and HeLa cells stably transfected with cytochrome-C-GFP demonstrated that mitochondria rapidly depolarized after the release of the fusion protein into the cytosol. Of note, mitochondria did not completely depolarize but established a new steady-state level that could be further dissipated by treatment with the protonophore carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone. Treatment with the FOF1-ATP-synthase inhibitor oligomycin likewise induced a collapse of this steady-state level, suggesting that FOF1-ATP-synthase reversal maintained mitochondrial potential after outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Treatment with a broad spectrum caspase inhibitor failed to inhibit the partial depolarization of mitochondria during apoptosis, yet potently abolished the activation of effector caspases detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis in the same experiment. Interestingly, the onset of mitochondrial depolarization was always coupled with a depolarization of the plasma membrane potential. This was associated with the degradation of the regulatory Na+/K+-ATPase beta=subunit, and both events were blocked by caspase inhibition. Our results demonstrate that outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization coordinates the depolarization of both membrane potentials during apoptosis. [References: 55] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Cell & Developmental Biology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Prehn JHM Univ Munster, Interdisciplinary Ctr Clin Res, IZKF D-48149 Munster Germany Univ Munster, Interdisciplinary Ctr Clin Res, IZKF D-48149 Munster Germany Univ Munster, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol D-48149 Munster Germany <31> UI - 645FG-0015 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645FG AU - Zhao JF AU - Onduka T AU - Kinoshita J AU - Honsho M AU - Kinoshita T AU - Shimazaki K AU - Ito A MA - a.itoscc@mbox.nc.kyushu-u.ac.jp RA - Ito A TI - Dual subcellular distribution of cytochrome b(5) in plant, cauliflower, cells SO - Journal of Biochemistry. 133(1):115-121, 2003 Jan. AS - J. Biochem 2003 Jan;133(1):115-121 PU - JAPANESE BIOCHEMICAL SOC, ISHIKAWA BLDG-3F, 25-16 HONGO-5-CHOME, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN. URL: http://www.bcasj.or.jp/jb/jbshome/jbs-home.html IS - 0021-924X MH - Cytochrome b5 MH - Dual subcellular localization MH - Endoplasmic reticulum MH - Mitochondria MH - Targeting signal. MH - Outer mitochondrial-membrane MH - Endoplasmic-reticulum MH - Rat-liver MH - Protein translocation MH - Reductase-activity MH - Purification MH - Hemoprotein MH - Bcl-2 MH - Transferase MH - Expression. AB - Subfractionation studies showed that cytochrome b(5) (cyt b5), which has been considered to be a typical ER protein, was localized in both the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (ER) and the outer membrane of mitochondria in cauliflower (Brassica olracea) cells and was a component of antimycin A-insensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase system in both membranes. When cDNA for cauliflower cyt b5 was introduced into mammalian (COS-7) and yeast cells as well as into onion cells, the expressed cytochrome was localized both in the ER and mitochondria in those cells. On the other hand, rat and yeast cyt b5s were specifically localized in the ER membranes even in the onion cells. Mutation experiments showed that cauliflower cyt b5 carries information that targets it to the ER and mitochondria within the carboxyterminal 10 amino acids, as in the case of rat and yeast cyt b5s, and that replacement of basic amino acids in this region of cauliflower cyt b5 with neutral or acidic ones resulted in its distribution only in the ER. Together with the established findings of the importance of basic amino acids in mitochondrial targeting signals, these results suggest that charged amino acids in the carboxy-terminal portion of cyt b5 determine its location in the cell, and that the same mechanism of signal recognition and of protein transport to organelles works in mammalian, plant, and yeast cells. [References: 27] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Ito A Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem Fukuoka 8128581 Japan Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem Fukuoka 8128581 Japan Kyushu Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biol Fukuoka 8128581 Japan <32> UI - 645GB-0027 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645GB AU - Minamino T AU - Imae Y AU - Oosawa F AU - Kobayashi Y AU - Oosawa K MA - kenji@math.nagoya-u.ac.jp RA - Oosawa K TI - Effect of intracellular pH on rotational speed of bacterial flagellar motors SO - Journal of Bacteriology. 185(4):1190-1194, 2003 Feb. AS - J. Bacteriol 2003 Feb;185(4):1190-1194 PU - AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY, 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA. URL: http://www.asmusa.org IS - 0021-9193 MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Salmonella-typhimurium MH - Vibrio-alginolyticus MH - Protonmotive force MH - Mota protein MH - Motility MH - Driven MH - Repellents MH - Mutations MH - Mechanism. AB - Weak acids such as acetate and benzoate, which partially collapse the transmembrane proton gradient, not only mediate pH taxis but also impair the motility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella at an external pH of 5.5. In this study, we examined in more detail the effect of weak acids on motility at various external pH values. A change of external pH over the range 5.0 to 7.8 hardly affected the swimming speed of E. coli cells in the absence of 34 potassium acetate. In contrast, the cells decreased their swimming speed significantly as external pH was shifted from pH 7.0 to 5.0 in the presence of 34mM acetate. The total proton motive force of. coli cells vas not changed greatly by the presence of acetate. We measured the rotational rate of tethered E. coli cells as a function of external pH. Rotational speed decreased rapidly as the external pH was decreased, and at pH 5.0, the motor stopped completely. When the external pH was returned to 7.0, the motor restarted rotating at almost its original level, indicating that high intracellular proton (H+) concentration sloes nut irreversibly abolish flagellar motor function. Bath the swimming speeds and rotation rates of tethered cells of Salmonella also decreased considerably when the external pH was shifted from pH 7.0 to 5.5 in the presence of 20 mM benzoate. We propose that the increase in the intracellular proton concentration interferes with the release of protons frown the torque-generating units, resulting in slowing or stopping of the motors. [References: 32] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Oosawa K Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Math, Chikusa Ku Nagoya Aichi 4648602 Japan Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Math, Chikusa Ku Nagoya Aichi 4648602 Japan Nagoya Univ, Fac Sci, Inst Mol Biol, Chikusa Ku Nagoya Aichi 4648602 Japan ERATO, JST, Proton NanoMachine Project Kyoto 6190237 Japan Aichi Inst Technol Toyota 4700392 Japan Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Pharmaceut Sci Suita Osaka 5650871 Japan <33> UI - 644XV-0004 DD - ISI Document Solution: 644XV AU - Nielsen KM AU - Lewis DH AU - Morgan ER MA - NIELSENK@CROP.CRI.NZ RA - Nielsen KM TI - Characterization of carotenoid pigments and their biosynthesis in two yellow flowered lines of Sandersonia aurantiaca (Hook) SO - Euphytica. 130(1):25-34, 2003. AS - Euphytica 2003;130(1):25-34 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0014-2336 MH - Beta-carotene hydroxylase MH - Carotenoid MH - Flower color MH - Pigments MH - Phytoene desaturase MH - Sandersonia. MH - Tomato fruit-development MH - Accumulation MH - Chromoplast MH - Hydroxylase MH - Arabidopsis MH - Phytoene MH - Cloning MH - Genes. AB - The basis of the novel cream/yellow flower color found in two Sandersonia aurantiaca lines was examined as part of a project to develop new colors for this cut flower crop in New Zealand. The original color, bright orange, is due to the accumulation of the carotenoid pigments zeaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin. The cream/yellow lines have much lower levels of total carotenoid pigments (17% and 21%) in their tepal tissue compared to the wild type progenitor. Microscopic analysis of epidermal cells showed alteration in the pigment cluster bodies of tepal tissue of the cream/yellow lines compared to the orange wild type. HPLC analysis of the pigments showed that one cream/yellow line (Y-H) produced the same pigment profile as the wild type (zeaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin). In comparison, the other cream/yellow line (Y-S) produced the carotenoid profile normally found in green vegetative tissue (beta-carotene and lutein). Analysis of carotenoid biosynthetic gene expression in Sandersonia indicated that the cream/yellow Y-H line showed expression patterns similar to the wild type, and gene expression in the Y-S line is decreased relative to the wild type and the Y-H line. [References: 25] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Nielsen KM New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res, Fitzherbert Sci Ctr Batchelor Rd Private Bag 11 600 Palmerston North New Zealand New Zealand Inst Crop & Food Res, Fitzherbert Sci Ctr Palmerston North New Zealand <34> UI - 646GL-0007 DD - ISI Document Solution: 646GL AU - Zeidner G AU - Preston CM AU - Delong EF AU - Massana R AU - Post AF AU - Scanlan DJ AU - Beja O MA - beja@tx.technion.ac.il RA - Beja O TI - Molecular diversity among marine picophytoplankton as revealed by psbA analyses SO - Environmental Microbiology. 5(3):212-216, 2003 Mar. AS - Environ. Microbiol 2003 Mar;5(3):212-216 PU - BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD, 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.blackwell-science.com IS - 1462-2912 MH - Phylogenetic diversity MH - Oceanic regions MH - Pacific-ocean MH - Genes MH - Picoplankton MH - Plastids MH - Bacterioplankton MH - Prochlorophytes MH - Phototrophy MH - Sequence. AB - Photosynthetic microorganisms play a crucial role in the marine environment. In vast areas of the oceans, marine primary productivity is performed by cells smaller than 2-3 mum (picoplankton). Here, we report on molecular analyses of the conserved photosynthetic psbA gene (coding for protein D1 of photosystem II reaction centre) as a diversity indicator of naturally occurring marine oxygenic picophytoplankton. The psbA genes proved to be good indicators of the presence of a wide variety of photosynthetic marine microbial groups, including new cyanobacterial groups and eukaryotic algae (prasinophytes). Furthermore, using environmental bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries, we were able to correlate psbA genes with small subunit rRNAs and, therefore, to confirm their phylogenetic affiliation. [References: 31] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biology in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Beja O Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Biol IL-32000 Haifa Israel Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Biol IL-32000 Haifa Israel Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA CSIC, Dept Biol Marina & Oceanog, Inst Ciencia Mat E-08003 Barcelona Spain Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, H Steinitz Marine Biol Lab, Interuniv Inst Marine Sci, Dept Microbial & Mol Ecol Jerusalem Israel Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci Coventry CV4 7AL W Midlands England <35> UI - 646HU-0007 DD - ISI Document Solution: 646HU AU - Turina P AU - Samoray D AU - Graber P MA - peter.graeber@physchem.uni-freiburg.de RA - Graber P TI - H+/ATP ratio of proton transport-coupled ATP synthesis and hydrolysis catalysed by CF0F1-liposomes SO - EMBO Journal. 22(3):418-426, 2003 Feb 3. AS - Embo J 2003 Feb 3;22(3):418-426 PU - OXFORD UNIV PRESS, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.oup.co.uk IS - 0261-4189 MH - Cf0f1 MH - Chloroplasts MH - Energy transduction MH - H+ to atp ratio MH - H+-atp synthase. MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Intersubunit rotation MH - Rotary motor MH - Delta-ph MH - F-atpase MH - Synthase MH - Chloroplasts MH - Stoichiometry MH - Equilibrium MH - Activation. AB - The H+/ATP ratio and the standard Gibbs free energy of ATP synthesis were determined with a new method using a chemiosmotic model system. The purified H+-translocating ATP synthase from chloroplasts was reconstituted into phosphatidyleholine/phosphatidic acid liposomes. During reconstitution, the internal phase was equilibrated with the reconstitution medium, and thereby the pH of the internal liposomal phase, pH(in), could be measured with a conventional glass electrode. The rates of ATP synthesis and hydrolysis were measured with the luciferin/luciferase assay after an acid-base transition at different [ATP]/([ADP][P-i]) ratios as a function of DeltapH, analysing the range from the ATP synthesis to the ATP hydrolysis direction and the DeltapH at equilibrium, DeltapH (eq) (zero net rate), was determined. The analysis of the [ATP]/ ([ADP][P-i]) ratio as a function of DeltapH (eq) and of the transmembrane electrochemical potential difference, Delta(μ) over tilde (H+) (eq), resulted in H+/ATP ratios of 3.9 +/- 0.2 at pH 8.45 and 4.0 +/- 0.3 at pH 8.05. The standard Gibbs free energies of ATP synthesis were determined to be 37 +/- 2 kJ/mol at pH 8.45 and 36 +/- 3 kJ/mol at pH 8.05. [References: 43] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Molecular Biology & Genetics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Graber P Univ Bologna, Dept Biol, Biochem & Biophys Lab Via Irnerio 42 I-40126 Bologna Italy Univ Bologna, Dept Biol, Biochem & Biophys Lab I-40126 Bologna Italy Univ Freiburg, Inst Phys Chem D-79104 Freiburg Germany <36> UI - 645RA-0005 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645RA AU - Hwang KW AU - Kim SK AU - Kim KJ AU - Chung YT AU - Stark BC AU - Webster DA MA - webster@iit.edu RA - Webster DA TI - Isolation, sequencing, and characterization of the cytochrome bo operon from Vitreoscilla SO - DNA Sequence. 14(1):53-59, 2003 Feb. AS - DNA Seq 2003 Feb;14(1):53-59 PU - TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.tandf.co.uk IS - 1042-5179 MH - Cytochrome bo operon MH - Vitreoscilla MH - Sodium pump MH - Proteobacteria. MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Ubiquinol oxidase MH - Subunit-i MH - Gene MH - Expression MH - Phylogeny MH - Cyoabcde MH - Oxygen MH - Fnr. AB - The entire operon encoding the sodium pumping cytochrome bo from the bacterium Vitreoscilla was isolated and sequenced, and this sequence was analyzed by blast and hydropathy plots. There are fairly similar phylogenetic relationships which apply to all five proteins, but overall greater similarity to members of the gamma subdivision than the beta subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Hydropathy plots of all five Cyo proteins show near identity with those of the corresponding E. coli subunits, indicating that the similarity extends from sequence to structure. The operon appears to have a typical Shine-Dalgamo sequence, an E. coli-like promoter, and several possible binding sites for regulatory proteins. The Vitreoscilla Cyo B subunit (the probable Na+ pump) is almost identical to E. coli Cyo B at 18 key amino acids; thus, there are no obvious change in Vitreoscilla Cyo B that hint at the details of its Na+ pumping ability. [References: 18] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Molecular Biology & Genetics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Webster DA IIT, IIT Ctr, Div Biol, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci Chicago, IL 60616 USA IIT, IIT Ctr, Div Biol, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci Chicago, IL 60616 USA <37> UI - 647AV-0002 DD - ISI Document Solution: 647AV AU - Segal-Bendirdjian E AU - Hillion J AU - Belmokhtar CA MA - esegal@jupiter.chu-stlouis.fr RA - Segal-Bendirdjian E TI - Current concepts on apoptotic signalling pathways: new targets for anticancer strategies [Review] [French] SO - Bulletin du Cancer. 90(1):9-17, 2003 Jan. AS - Bull. Cancer 2003 Jan;90(1):9-17 PU - JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT LTD, 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE. URL: http://www.john-libbey-eurotext.fr IS - 0007-4551 MH - Apoptosis MH - Chemotherapy MH - Bcl2 MH - Trail. MH - Trail-induced apoptosis MH - Cell-death MH - Bcl-2 family MH - Tumoricidal activity MH - Motor complex MH - Antimycin-a MH - Ligand MH - Apaf-1 MH - Activation MH - Identification. AB - Apoptosis is an essential physiological process that plays a critical role in development and cellular homeoastasis. This process is tightly regulated through multiple independent signalling pathways, Defects in apoptosis may contribute both to tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Understanding the molecular events that contribute to apoptosis enable a more rational approach to anticancer strategy development, These strategies will allow not only the development of new molecules targeting recently elucidated apoptotic signalling pathways, but also a better use of already kown drugs through new associations in so far as these target distinct signalling pathways. [References: 57] LG - French PT - Review SB - Current Contents(R)/Clinical Medicine CC - Oncology in Current Contents(R)/Clinical Medicine. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Segal-Bendirdjian E Hop St Louis, INSERM U496, Ctr G Hayem 1 Ave Claude Vellefaux F-75010 Paris France Hop St Louis, INSERM U496, Ctr G Hayem F-75010 Paris France <38> UI - 645ZF-0015 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645ZF AU - Favier-Teodorescu L AU - Cornet JF AU - Dussap CG MA - lidia.favier@gecbio.univ-bpclermont.fr RA - Favier-Teodorescu L TI - Modelling continuous culture of Rhodospirillum rubrum in photobioreactor under light limited conditions SO - Biotechnology Letters. 25(4):359-364, 2003 Feb. AS - Biotechnol. Lett 2003 Feb;25(4):359-364 PU - KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.wkap.nl IS - 0141-5492 MH - Continuous culture MH - Kinetic model MH - Light limitation MH - Photobioreactor MH - Rhodospirillum rubrum. MH - Photosynthetic bacteria. AB - Rhodospirillum rubrum was grown continuously and photoheterotrophically under light limitation using a cylindrical photobioreactor in which the steady state biomass concentration was varied between 0.4 to 4 kg m(-3) at a constant radiant incident flux of 100 W m(-2). Kinetic and stoichiometric models for the growth are proposed. The biomass productivities, acetate consumption rate and the CO2 production rate can be quantitatively predicted to a high level of accuracy by the proposed model calculations. [References: 15] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Favier-Teodorescu L Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Genie Chim & Biochim, CUST 24 Ave Landais,BP 206 F-63174 Aubiere France Univ Clermont Ferrand, Lab Genie Chim & Biochim, CUST F-63174 Aubiere France <39> UI - 645UY-0006 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645UY AU - Gordienko TV AU - Karavaev VA MA - gen159@nabla.phys.msu.su RA - Gordienko TV TI - Theoretical analysis of inductive effects in higher plant photosynthesis SO - Biology Bulletin. 30(1):34-39, 2003 Jan-Feb. AS - Biol. Bull 2003 Jan-Feb;30(1):34-39 PU - MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA, C/O KLUWER ACADEMIC-PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA. URL: gopher://plenum.titlenet.com:6200 IS - 1062-3590 MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Transport control MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Chloroplasts MH - Electron MH - Model MH - Phosphorylation MH - Protein MH - Leaves MH - Curve. AB - The proposed mathematical model of the light stages of photosynthesis in higher plants takes into account the regulatory process of excitation energy redistribution between photosystems depending on the redox state of electron carriers. Nonmonotonic changes in the intensity of piament fluorescence upon switching on the excitation light (slow fluorescence induction) are described. The time required for fluorescence to reach its peak intensity and the degree of fluorescence quenching depending on light intensity are analyzed. The kinetics of light-induced changes in EPR I signal upon switching from the far-red to white light is simulated. [References: 24] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Biology in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Gordienko TV Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Phys Vorobevy Gory Moscow 119922 Russia Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Phys Moscow 119922 Russia <40> UI - 645VU-0021 DD - ISI Document Solution: 645VU AU - Grivennikova VG AU - Serebryanaya DV AU - Isakova EP AU - Belozerskaya TA AU - Vinogradov AD MA - adv@biochem.bio.msu.su RA - Vinogradov AD TI - The transition between active and de-activated forms of NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) in the mitochondrial membrane of Neurospora crassa SO - Biochemical Journal. 369(Part 3):619-626, 2003 Feb 1. AS - Biochem. J 2003 Feb 1;369(Part 3):619-626 PU - PORTLAND PRESS, 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.portlandpress.co.uk IS - 0264-6021 MH - Energy transduction MH - Enzyme hysteresis MH - Respiratory chain. MH - Proton-translocating nadh MH - Bovine heart-mitochondria MH - Acyl-carrier protein MH - Respiratory-chain MH - Active/inactive transition MH - Paracoccus-denitrificans MH - Quinone oxidoreductase MH - Yarrowia-lipolytica MH - Inactive transition MH - Escherichia-coli. AB - The mammalian mitochondrial NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex 1) has been shown to exist in two kinetically and structurally distinct slowly interconvertible forms, active (A) and de-activated (D) [Vinogradov and Grivennikova (2001) IUBMB Life 52, 129-134]. This work was undertaken to investigate the putative Complex I A-D transition in the mitochondrial membrane of the lower eukaryote Neurospora crassa and in plasma membrane of the prokaryote Paracoccus denitrificans, organisms that are eligible for molecular genetic manipulations. The potential interconversion between A and D forms was assessed by examination of the initial and steady-state rates of NADH oxidation catalysed by inside-out submitochondrial (N. crassa) and sub-bacterial (P. denitrificans) particles and their sensitivities to N-ethylmaleimide and Mg2+. All diagnostic tests provide evidence that slow temperature- and turnover-dependent A-D transition is an explicit feature of eukaryotic N. crassa Complex 1, whereas the phenomenon is not seen in the membranes of the prokaryote P. denitrificans. Significantly lower activation energy for A-to-D transition characterizes the N. crassa enzyme compared with that determined previously for the mammalian Complex I. Either a lag or a burst in the onset of the NADH oxidase assayed in the presence of Mg2+ is seen when the reaction is initiated by the thermally de-activated or NADH-activated particles, whereas the delayed final activities of both preparations are the same. We conclude that continuous slow cycling between A and D forms occurs during the steady-state operation of Complex I in N. crassa mitochondria. [References: 47] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Vinogradov AD Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sch Biol, Dept Biochem Moscow 199992 Russia Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sch Biol, Dept Biochem Moscow 199992 Russia Russian Acad Sci, AN Bakh Biochem Inst Moscow 117071 Russia <41> UI - 646DN-0007 DD - ISI Document Solution: 646DN AU - Choinski JS AU - Ralph P AU - Eamus D MA - johnc@mail.uca.edu RA - Choinski JS TI - Changes in photosynthesis during leaf expansion in Corymbia gummifera SO - Australian Journal of Botany. 51(1):111-118, 2003. AS - Aust. J. Bot 2003;51(1):111-118 PU - C S I R O PUBLISHING, 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA. URL: http://www.publish.csiro.au IS - 0067-1924 MH - Brachystegia-spiciformis benth MH - Developing leaves MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Quantum yield MH - Photoinhibition MH - Anthocyanin MH - Responses MH - Syzygium MH - Fixation MH - Growth. AB - Growth, pigment levels and various photosynthesis parameters were measured in expanding leaves of Corymbia gummifera (Solander ex Gaertner) Hochreutiner. C. gummifera trees were studied growing in sandstone plateau woodland communities in Royal National Park, New South Wales, in a recently burned open habitat. Young leaves (horizontally oriented to maximise light exposure) were found to be conspicuously red until they reached approximately 75% of their full size. As the leaves expanded, anthocyanin content declined and chlorophyll levels proportionately increased. Young red leaves showed net negative carbon assimilation rates, although CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, actual quantum yield of PSII (Phi(PSII)) and apparent electron transport rate (ETR) all increased in a similar pattern as the leaves expanded. Measurements of maximum quantum yield of dark-adapted leaves (F-v/F-m) were also correlated with leaf area. Younger leaves had lower F-v/F-m ratios than did mature leaves, whether measured at midday or 2 h after sunset, indicating that young leaves exhibited some degree of chronic photoinhibition. It is concluded that C. gummifera exhibits a transient red pattern of anthocyanin expression and that photosynthesis is limited in young leaves because of low stomatal conductance, low chlorophyll content, immature chloroplasts and an attenuation of light caused by anthocyanins. [References: 32] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Choinski JS Univ Cent Arkansas, Dept Biol Conway, AR 72035 USA Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Environm Sci Broadway NSW 2007 Australia <42> UI - 644RD-0017 DD - ISI Document Solution: 644RD AU - Charlton KE MA - kc@uctgshl.uct.ac.za RA - Charlton KE TI - Eating well: ageing gracefully! SO - Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 11(Suppl S):S607-S617, 2002. AS - Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr 2002;11(Suppl S):S607-S617 PU - BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA, 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA. URL: http://www.blacksci.co.uk IS - 0964-7058 MH - Ageing MH - Chronic diseases MH - Cognitive function MH - Micronutrient status MH - Sarcopenia. MH - Nutrition examination survey MH - Randomized controlled trial MH - Coronary heart-disease MH - Vitamin-e consumption MH - Beaver dam eye MH - Cognitive function MH - Elderly people MH - Macular degeneration MH - National-health MH - Dietary-intake. AB - The potential impact of dietary manipulation on the maintenance of physical and cognitive function between middle and old age has profound consequences for optimization of health, independence and well-being for the latter years. This review article considers four key areas: the role of diet and longevity; potential dietary measures to prevent sarcopenia; diet and cognitive function; and dietary interventions with regard to primary or secondary prevention of age-related chronic disorders. Caloric restriction has been shown to slow ageing and maintain health status in both primates and rats. The evidence has limited applicability to humans, since it is unlikely that 30% reduced diets could be maintained long-term. The causes of sarcopenia, which manifests as loss of strength, disability and reduced quality of life, are multifactorial. However, resistance with ageing to regulatory amino acids known to modulate translation and initiation, particularly leucine, raise possibilities with regard to dietary intervention. The pattern of protein intake appears to be important in whole-body protein retention in older adults. A body of evidence is emerging that associates various dietary factors with a reduction in cognitive decline with age, or a delay in the progression of Alzheimer's disease, particularly with regard to intake of vitamin E and C-containing foods, as well as fish intake. Epidemiological evidence demonstrates a role for dietary intervention in the primary prevention of chronic diseases, even in old age. However, the potentially harmful effects of micronutrient supplementation in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease raise concern regarding appropriate dietary messages for the elderly. The role of the antioxidants, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin, in the prevention of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration support the almost universal dietary guideline 'eat more fruit and vegetables'. In future dietary guidelines for the elderly need to be evidence-based and take into account protective food patterns, rather than target specific foods. [References: 82] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Clinical Medicine CC - Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition in Current Contents(R)/Clinical Medicine. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Charlton KE Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Div Nutr & Dietet Observatory South Africa Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Div Nutr & Dietet Observatory South Africa <43> UI - 646FJ-0009 DD - ISI Document Solution: 646FJ AU - Koh M AU - Meyer TE AU - De Smet L AU - Van Beeumen JJ AU - Cusanovich MA MA - cusanovi@u.arizona.edu RA - Cusanovich MA TI - Characterization of the interaction of Rhodobacter capsulatus cytochrome c peroxidase with charge reversal mutants of cytochrome c(2) SO - Archives of Biochemistry & Biophysics. 410(2):230-237, 2003 Feb 15. AS - Arch. Biochem. Biophys 2003 Feb 15;410(2):230-237 PU - ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA. URL: http://www.apnet.com IS - 0003-9861 MH - Bccp MH - Peroxidase MH - Enzyme kinetics MH - Cytochrome c(2) MH - Rhodobacter capsulatus. MH - Electron-transfer MH - Paracoccus-denitrificans MH - Crystal-structure MH - Rhodopseudomonas-capsulata MH - Pseudomonas-aeruginosa MH - Rate constants MH - Specificity MH - Complex MH - Growth MH - Model. AB - Steady-state kinetics for the reaction of Rhodobacter capsulatus bacterial cytochrome c peroxidase (BCCP) with its substrate cytochrome c(2) were investigated. The Rb. capsulatus BCCP is dependent on calcium for activation as previously shown for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCCP and Paracoccus denitrificans enzymes. Furthermore, the activity shows a bell-shaped pH dependence with optimum at pH 7.0. Enzyme activity is greatest at low ionic strength and drops off steeply as ionic strength increases, resulting in an apparent interaction domain charge product of -13. All cytochromes c(2) show an asymmetric distribution of surface charge, with a concentration of 14 positive charges near the exposed heme edge of Rb. capsulatus c(2) which potentially may interact with approximately 6 negative charges, localized near the edge of the high-potential heme of the Rb. capsulatus BCCP. To test this proposal, we constructed charge reversal mutants of the 14 positively charged residues located on the front face of Rb. capsulatus cytochrome c(2) and examined their effect on steady-state kinetics with BCCP. Mutated residues in Rb. capsulatus cytochrome c(2) that showed the greatest effects on binding and enzyme activity are K12E, K14E, K54E, K84E, K93E, and K99E, which is consistent with the site of electron transfer being located at the heme edge. We conclude that a combination of long-range, nonspecific electrostatic interactions as well as localized salt bridges between, e.g., cytochrome c(2) K12, K14, K54, and K99 with BCCP D194, D241, and D6, account for the observed kinetics. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. [References: 29] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Cusanovich MA Univ Arizona, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys Tucson, AZ 85721 USA Univ Arizona, Dept Biochem & Mol Biophys Tucson, AZ 85721 USA State Univ Ghent, Lab Prot Biochem, Dept Biochem Physiol & Microbiol B-9000 Ghent Belgium <44> UI - 644JE-0005 DD - ISI Document Solution: 644JE AU - Tsonev T AU - Velikova V AU - Georgieva K AU - Hyde PF AU - Jones HG MA - h.g.jones@dundee.ac.uk RA - Jones HG TI - Low temperature enhances photosynthetic down-regulation in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants SO - Annals of Botany. 91(3):343-352, 2003 Feb. AS - Ann. Bot 2003 Feb;91(3):343-352 PU - OXFORD UNIV PRESS, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.oup.co.uk IS - 0305-7364 MH - Phaseolus vulgaris l. MH - Bean MH - Low temperature MH - Photosynthesis MH - Down-regulation MH - High light MH - Sunfleck MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence. MH - Low growth temperature MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Xanthophyll cycle MH - High light MH - Mehler reaction MH - Chilling sensitivity MH - Energy-dissipation MH - Redox state MH - Photoinhibition. AB - The mechanisms of photosynthetic adaptation to different combinations of temperature and irradiance during growth, and especially the consequences of exposure to high light (2000 mumol m(-2) s(-1) PPFD) for 5 min, simulating natural sunflecks, was studied in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A protocol using only short (3 min) dark pre-treatment was introduced to maximize the amount of replication possible in studies of chlorophyll fluorescence. High light at low temperature (10 degreesC) significantly down-regulated photosynthetic electron transport capacity [as measured by the efficiency of photosystem II (PSII)], with the protective acclimation allowing the simulated sunflecks to be used more effectively for photosynthesis by plants grown in low light. The greater energy dissipation by thermal processes (lower F-v'/F-m' ratio) at low temperature was related to increased xanthophyll de-epoxidation and to the fact that photosynthetic carbon fixation was more limiting at low than at high temperatures. A key objective was to investigate the role of photorespiration in acclimation to irradiance and temperature by comparing the effect of normal (21 kPa) and low (1.5 kPa) O-2 concentrations. Low [O-2] decreased F-v/F-m and the efficiency of PSII (Phi(PSII)), related to greater PSII down-regulation in cold pre-treated plants, but minimized further inhibition by the mild 'sunfleck' treatment used. Results support the hypothesis that photorespiration provides a 'safety-valve' for excess energy. (C) 2003 Annals of Botany Company. [References: 51] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2003 week 11 IN - Reprint available from: Jones HG Univ Dundee, Inst Biol Sci, Div Environm & Appl Biol Dundee DD1 4HN Scotland Bulgarian Acad Sci, Acad M Popov Inst Plant Physiol BU-1113 Sofia Bulgaria <45> UI - 646WB-0010 DD - ISI Document Solution: 646WB AU - Cerhan JR AU - Saag KG AU - Merlino LA AU - Mikuls TR AU - Criswell LA MA - cerhan.james@mayo.edu RA - Cerhan JR TI - Antioxidant micronutrients and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a cohort of older women SO - American Journal of Epidemiology. 157(4):345-354, 2003 Feb 15. AS - Am. J. Epidemiol 2003 Feb 15;157(4):345-354 PU - OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA. URL: http://www.oup-usa.org IS - 0002-9262 MH - Antioxidants MH - Arthritis MH - Rheumatoid MH - Cohort studies MH - Zinc. MH - Food frequency questionnaire MH - Alpha-tocopherol MH - Dietary-intake MH - Free-radicals MH - Inflammation MH - Carotenoids MH - Prevalence MH - Diagnosis MH - Database MH - Disease. AB - The association of antioxidant vitamins and trace elements from foods and supplements with risk of rheumatoid arthritis was evaluated in a prospective cohort study of 29,368 women who were aged 55-69 years at baseline in 1986. Through 1997, 152 cases of rheumatoid arthritis were identified. After controlling for other risk factors, greater intakes (highest tertile vs. lowest) of supplemental vitamin C (relative risk (RR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48, 1,09; p-trend = 0.08) and supplemental vitamin E (RR = 0:72, 95% CI: 0.47, 1.12; p-trend = 0.06) were inversely associated with rheumatoid arthritis. There was no association with total carotenoids, alpha- or beta-carotene, lycopene, or lutein/zeaxanthin, while there was an inverse association with beta-cryptoxanthin (RR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.90; p-trend = 0.01). Greater use of supplemental zinc (RR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.88; p-trend = 0.03) was inversely associated with rheumatoid arthritis, while any use of supplemental copper (RR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.28, 1 03) and manganese (RR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.23, 1.07) showed suggestive inverse associations with rheumatoid arthritis Greater intakes of fruit (RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.46, 1.12; p-trend = 0.13) and cruciferous vegetables (RR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.42, 1.01; p-trend = 0.07) also exhibited trends toward inverse associations with risk. When the antioxidants were modeled together, only beta-cryptoxanthin and supplemental zinc were statistically significant predictors. Intake of certain antioxidant micronutrients, particularly beta-cryptoxanthin and supplemental zinc, and possibly diets high in fruits and cruciferous vegetables, may be protective against the development of rheumatoid arthritis. [References: 39] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Clinical Medicine Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Environmental Medicine & Public Health in Current Contents(R)/Clinical Medicine. Medical Research, General Topics in Current Contents(R)/Lif