--_OVID_emlbndry_WKHLTH Content-Type: text/plain <1> UI - 067TW-0011 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067TW AU - Solymosi K AU - Boddi B MA - bbfotos@ludens.elte.hu RA - Boddi B TI - Optical properties of bud scales and protochlorophyll(ide) forms in leaf primordia of closed and opened buds SO - Tree Physiology. 26(8):1075-1085, 2006 Aug. AS - Tree Physiol 2006 Aug;26(8):1075-1085 PU - HERON PUBLISHING, 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA. URL: http://www.heronpublishing.com IS - 0829-318X MH - Chlorophyll biosynthesis MH - Etiolation MH - Lpor MH - Nadph : protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. MH - Dark-grown wheat MH - 77-k fluorescence emission MH - Etioplast inner membranes MH - Bean phaseolus-vulgaris MH - Prolamellar bodies MH - Chlorophyll biosynthesis MH - Short-wavelength MH - Extinction coefficients MH - Triticum-aestivum MH - Etiolated leaves. AB - The transmission spectra of bud scales of 14 woody species and the 77 K fluorescence emission spectra of the innermost leaf primordia of closed and opened buds of 37 woody species were studied. Pigment concentrations were determined in some species. Bud scales had low transmittance between 400 and 680 nm with a local minimum around 680 nm. Transmittance increased steeply above 680 nm and was > 80% in the 700-800 nm spectral region. Significant protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) accumulation was observed in leaf primordia of tightly packed, closed buds with relatively thick. dark bud scales. In common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and Hungarian ash (Fraxinus angustifolia VAL), the innermost leaf primordia of the closed buds contained protochlorophyll (Pchl) and Pchlide (abbreviated as Pchl(ide)), but no chlorophyll. We observed Pchl(ide) forms with emission maxima at 633, 643 and 655 nm in these leaves. Complete transformation of Pchlide(655) (protochlorophyllide form with maximum emission at 655 nm) into Chlide(692) (chlorophyllide form with maximum emission at 692 nm) occurred after irradiation for 10 s. The innermost leaf primordia of the buds of four species (flowering ash (Fraxinus ornus L.), horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima P. Mill.) and common walnut (Juglans regia L.)) contained Pchl(ide)(633), Pchl(ide)(643) and Pchlide(655) as well as an emission band at 688 nm corresponding to a chlorophyll form. The Pchlide(655) was fully photoactive in these species. The outermost leaf primordia of these four species and the innermost leaf primordia of 28 other species contained all of the above described Pchl(ide) forms in various ratios but in small amounts. In addition. Chl forms were present and the main bands in the fluorescence emission spectra were at 690 or 740 nm, or both. The results indicate that Pchl(ide) accumulation occurs in leaf primordia in near darkness inside the tightly closed buds, where the bud scales and the external leaf primordia function as optical filters. [References: 60] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Boddi B Lorand Eotvos Univ, Dept Plant Anat Pazmany PS 1-C H-1117 Budapest Hungary Lorand Eotvos Univ, Dept Plant Anat H-1117 Budapest Hungary <2> UI - 067TW-0012 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067TW AU - Solymosi K AU - Boka K AU - Boddi B MA - bbfotos@ludens.elte.hu RA - Boddi B TI - Transient etiolation: protochlorophyll(ide) and chlorophyll forms in differentiating plastids of closed and breaking leaf buds of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) SO - Tree Physiology. 26(8):1087-1096, 2006 Aug. AS - Tree Physiol 2006 Aug;26(8):1087-1096 PU - HERON PUBLISHING, 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA. URL: http://www.heronpublishing.com IS - 0829-318X MH - Bud scale MH - Etio-chloroplast MH - Leaf primordia MH - Lpor MH - Nadph : protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase MH - Prolamellar body MH - Proplastid MH - Prothylakoids. MH - Bean phaseolus-vulgaris MH - Prolamellar bodies MH - Chloroplast development MH - Developmental age MH - Greening process MH - Maize leaf MH - Red-light MH - Leaves MH - Dark MH - Plants. AB - An accompanying paper reports the accumulation of photoactive protochlorophyllide (Pehlide) in the innermost leaf primordia of buds of many tree species. In this paper, we describe plastid differentiation, changes in pigment concentrations and spectral properties of bud scales and leaf primordia of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) from January until the end of bud break in April. The bud scales contained plastids with grana, stroma thylakoids characteristic of chloroplasts and large dense bodies within the stroma. In January, proplastids and young chloroplasts were present in the leaf primordia, and the fluorescence spectra of the primordia were similar to those of green leaves except for a minor band at 630 nm, indicative of a protochlorophyll(ide). During bud break, the pigment concentrations of the green bud scales and the outermost leaf primordia increased, and Pchlide forms with emission maxima at 633, 644 and 655 nm accumulated in the middle and innermost leaf primordia. Depending on the position of the leaf primordia within the bud, their plastids and their pigment concentrations varied. Etio-chloroplasts with prolamellar bodies (PLBs) and prothylakoids with developing grana were observed in the innermost leaves. Besides the above-mentioned Pchlide forms, the middle and innnermost leaf primordia contained only a Chl band with an emission maximum at 686 run. The outermost leaf primordia contained etio-chloroplasts with well-developed grana and small, narrow-type PLBs. These outermost leaves contained only chlorophyll forms like the mature green leaves. No Pchlide accumulation was observed after bud break, indicating that etiolation of the innermost and middle leaves is transient. The Pchlide forms and the plastid types of the primordia in buds grown in nature were similar to those of leaves of dark-germinated seedlings and to those of the leaf primordia of dark-forced buds. We conclude that transient etiolation occurs under natural conditions. The formation of PLBs and etio-chloroplasts and the accumulation of the licht-dependent NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase are involved in the natural greening process and ontogenesis of young leaf primordia of horse chestnut buds. [References: 49] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Boddi B Lorand Eotvos Univ, Dept Plant Anat Pazmany PS 1-C H-1117 Budapest Hungary Lorand Eotvos Univ, Dept Plant Anat H-1117 Budapest Hungary <3> UI - 067TW-0013 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067TW AU - Weng JH AU - Liao TS AU - Hwang MY AU - Chung CC AU - Lin CP AU - Chu CH MA - jhweng@dragon.nchu.edu.tw RA - Weng JH TI - Seasonal variation in photosystem II efficiency and photochemical reflectance index of evergreen trees and perennial grasses growing at low and high elevations in subtropical Taiwan SO - Tree Physiology. 26(8):1097-1104, 2006 Aug. AS - Tree Physiol 2006 Aug;26(8):1097-1104 PU - HERON PUBLISHING, 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA. URL: http://www.heronpublishing.com IS - 0829-318X MH - Altitude MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Leaf spectral reflectance MH - Pri MH - Season MH - Species MH - Subtropical. MH - Photosynthetic down-regulation MH - Cold-induced photoinhibition MH - Gum eucalyptus-pauciflora MH - Xanthophyll cycle MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Spectral reflectance MH - Energy-dissipation MH - Sunflower leaves MH - Winter stress MH - Gas-exchange. AB - Three pines species, three evergreen broadleaf trees, one C-3 and two C-4 perennial grasses of subtropical Taiwan were studied to elucidate the correlation between photosystem II (PSII) efficiency and photochemical reflectance index (PRI = (R-531 - R-570)/(R-531 + R-570)). Measurements were made at two sites differing in altitude (800 and 2600 m) over several growing seasons. At high elevation, potential PSII efficiency, measured by chlorophyll fluorescence (the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence; F-v/F-m at predawn, decreased with decreasing air temperature and varied greatly among species. At the lowest air temperature (-3 degrees C) studied, variation in Fv/F among species ranged from 0.33 to 0.72. In contrast, at low elevation where air temperature was moderate, seasonal variation in F-v/F-m was small in all of the study species. When species, elevation and season data were pooled, despite the high variation in F-v/F-m among species, a good correlation between F-v/F-m and PRI was observed. When compared at the same value of PRI, F-v/F-m of evergreen trees was higher than that of perennial grasses; however, when the minimum temperature on the measurement day was below 0 degrees C, F-v/F-m was underestimated relative to PRI. We conclude that PRI could be used as a remote indicator of photosynthetic function when air temperature is above 0 degrees C. [References: 42] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Weng JH Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Life Sci Taichung 40227 Taiwan Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Life Sci Taichung 40227 Taiwan Natl Chung Hsing Univ, Dept Forestry Taichung 40227 Taiwan <4> UI - 066VY-0001 DD - ISI Document Solution: 066VY AU - Deryabin AN AU - Sin'kevich MS AU - Bukhov NG AU - Trunova TI MA - trunova@ippras.ru RA - Deryabin AN TI - Alternative pathways of photosystem I-dependent electron transport in two genetically different potato cultivars in vitro SO - Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 53(4):431-438, 2006 Jul-Aug. AS - Russ. J. Plant Physiol 2006 Jul-Aug;53(4):431-438 PU - MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA. URL: http://www.maik.rssi.ru IS - 1021-4437 MH - Solanum tuberosum MH - Alternative pathways of photosynthetic electron transport MH - Plants in vitro MH - Transgenic plants. MH - Heat-stress MH - Plants MH - Size MH - Vivo. AB - Alternative pathways of electron transport involving photosystem I (PSI) only were studied in leaves of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Desiree), modified by yeast invertase gene, controlled by tuber-specific class I patatin B33 promoter with proteinase 11 signal peptide for apoplastic localization of the enzyme. Nontransformed (wild-type) potato cultivar Desiree was used as a source of control plants. Phototrophic cultures grown in vitro on the sucrose-free Murashige and Skoog medium, as well as plants grown on the medium with 4% sucrose were examined. Various PSI-dependent alternative pathways of electron transport were discriminated by quantitative analysis of kinetic curves of dark reduction of P700(+), the primary electron donor of PSI, oxidized by far-red light known to excite selectively PSI. In potato plants with two different genotypes, four exponentially decaying kinetic components were found, which suggests the existence of multiple alternative routes for electron input to PSI. Inhibitor analysis (with diuron and antimycin A) allowed identification of each route. A minor ultra-fast component originated from weak residual excitation of PSII by far-red light and represented electron flow from PSII to PSI. Ferredoxin-dependent cyclic electron flow around PSI accounted for the middle component, and two slower components were assigned to donation of electrons to PSI from reductants localized in the chloroplast stroma. The rates of all components were somewhat higher in leaves of the transformed plants than in the wild-type plants. However, relative contributions of separate components to the kinetics of dark P700(+) reduction in leaves of both potato genotypes were similar. Growing plants on the medium with sucrose dramatically increased the amplitude of absorbance change at 830 nm in the transformed (but not in wild type) plants, which indicated a drastic increase in P700 concentration in their leaves. [References: 16] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Deryabin AN Russian Acad Sci, KA Timiryazev Plant Physiol Inst Botanicheskaya Ul 35 Moscow 127276 Russia Russian Acad Sci, KA Timiryazev Plant Physiol Inst Moscow 127276 Russia <5> UI - 066VY-0002 DD - ISI Document Solution: 066VY AU - Novichkova NS AU - Romanova AK AU - Ignat'ev AR AU - Vlasova TA AU - Kreslavskii VD AU - Ivanov BN MA - romanova@issp.serpukhov.su RA - Novichkova NS TI - Carbonic anhydrase in leaves during radish plant ontogeny and glucose effect SO - Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 53(4):439-448, 2006 Jul-Aug. AS - Russ. J. Plant Physiol 2006 Jul-Aug;53(4):439-448 PU - MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA. URL: http://www.maik.rssi.ru IS - 1021-4437 MH - Raphanus sativus MH - Ontogeny MH - Elevated concentration of co2 MH - Acclimation mechanisms MH - Soluble carbohydrates MH - Glucose MH - Soluble carbonic anhydrase. MH - Elevated co2 MH - Atmospheric co2 MH - Photosynthetic acclimation MH - Signal-transduction MH - Leaf development MH - Gene-expression MH - Tomato plants MH - Sugar-beet MH - Growth MH - Accumulation. AB - Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants were grown in a greenhouse in soil at natural illumination, temperature, and CO2 concentration. A relationship between the activity of soluble carbonic anhydrase (sCA) and the content of soluble carbohydrates (sCH) was investigated depending on leaf position on the stem during plant development. Indices characterizing leaf ageing during the phase of vegetative growth (PVG) (in lower leaves as compared to upper ones) were a decrease in the rate of photosynthetic release of O-2, photosynthetic efficiency, quantum efficiency of photosystem 11, and the content of chlorophylls a and b. During PVG and the phase of flower bud formation, the activity of sCA and the contents of sCH, soluble protein, and Glu were the greatest in young (topmost) leaves and declined in the leaves of middle and lower storeys. From the top to the middle leaves, a dependence of sCA activity on the content of Glu or other sCH (without Glu) was direct, whereas, from the middle and the lower leaves, it became inversed. During leaf ageing in vegetatively growing plants and in the phase of budding, the relation between sCA and a relative content of Glu (percent of the rest sCH) was similar to that described above and yielded broken lines, and, during flowering, an inverse relation was observed in the leaves of all three storeys with a low content of Glu and a low sCA activity. In order to study a dependence of sCA activity on the levels of sCH and Glu during PVG, one half of the leaf was incubated in a thin layer of water at a light schedule: by 12 h of night/day/night + 3-h-long illumination (control material). Within the period of active growth of the hypocotyl up to the storage root formation, the sCA activity and the content of sCH in the leaves incubated in water (control) increased. During a later PVG, both characteristics declined with sCA activity reduced stronger. The rate of the photosynthetic O-2 release changed in accordance with the changes in sCA activity. Incubation of the other half of the same leaf in 20 mM Glu during early PVG brought about a considerable increase in sCA activity as compared with control material. During a later PVG and at a much greater Glu concentration (330 mM), its content in the leaves increased manifold; however, there were no significant changes in the activity of sCA, the content of protein or chlorophyll. It was concluded that the activity of sCA in the radish leaves during PVG was not regulated by the absolute content of sCH or Glu in the leaves but depended on endogenous factors associated with plant development. [References: 34] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Novichkova NS Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Problems Biol Institutskaya Ul 2 Pushchino 142290 Moscow Oblast Russia Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Problems Biol Pushchino 142290 Moscow Oblast Russia <6> UI - 066VY-0005 DD - ISI Document Solution: 066VY AU - Garnik EY AU - Tarasenko VI AU - Kobsev VF AU - Konstantinov YM MA - garnik@sifibr.irk.ru RA - Garnik EY TI - Differential expression of maize mitochondrial genes as dependent on mitochondria redox state SO - Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 53(4):463-468, 2006 Jul-Aug. AS - Russ. J. Plant Physiol 2006 Jul-Aug;53(4):463-468 PU - MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA. URL: http://www.maik.rssi.ru IS - 1021-4437 MH - Zea mays MH - Plant mitochondrial genes MH - Differential expression MH - Transcription in mitochondria MH - Antimycin a MH - Salicyl hydroxamic acid. MH - Alternative oxidase gene MH - Plant-mitochondria MH - Electron-transport MH - Oxidative stress MH - Transduction MH - Induction. AB - We studied the effects of changes in the mitochondrial redox state, induced by respiration inhibitors, on the expression of mitochondrial genes in Zea mays. The highest levels of cox1, cox3, and cob transcripts were observed in 4 h and atp9 transcripts in 6 h after treatment with antimycin A (antA). Treatment with salicyl hydroxamic acid (SHAM) resulted in a decrease in the transcripts during the first 10 h of incubation with subsequent recovering of this gene transcript level by 24 h. Treatment with SHAM did not essentially affect the level of cox1 transcripts, whereas the levels of cox3 and cob transcripts somewhat increased during the first 4 h and remained stable thereafter. After combined treatment with antA and SHAM, the level of cox1 and cox3 transcripts dropped below the control level during the first 4 h and then increased by the end of the treatment. The content of cob transcripts increased markedly after 24 h of treatment. The rps13 transcript changed irregularly, and its changes did not coincide with changes of other transcripts studied. Thus, we demonstrated differential expression of mitochondrial genes at changes in the redox state of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). The coxI, cox3, and cob gene expression responded to these changes rather coordinately. The results obtained indicate the involvement of the ETC redox state and/or the level of reactive oxygen species in the control of mitochondrial gene expression. [References: 23] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Garnik EY Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Siberian Inst Plant Physiol & Biochem Ul Lermontova 132 Irkutsk 664033 Russia Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Siberian Inst Plant Physiol & Biochem Irkutsk 664033 Russia Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol & Genet, Siberian Div Novosibirsk 630090 Russia <7> UI - 067OH-0001 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067OH AU - Turk G AU - Carobene M AU - Monczor A AU - Rubio AE AU - Gomez-Carrillo M AU - Salomon H MA - gturk@fmed.uba.ar, mcarobe@fmed.uba.ar, amonczor@fmed.uba.ar, erubio@fmed.uba.ar, mcarrill@fmed.uba.ar, hsalomon@fmed.uba.ar RA - Salomon H TI - Higher transactivation activity associated with LTR and Tat elements from HIV-1BF intersubtype recombinant variants - art. no. 14 SO - Retrovirology. 3:14, 2006 Feb 16. AS - Retrovirology 2006 Feb 16;3:14 PU - BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.biomedcentral.com IS - 1742-4690 MH - Immunodeficiency-virus type-1 MH - Long terminal repeat MH - Bf recombinants MH - Gene-expression MH - Subtype-c MH - Pol gene MH - In-vivo MH - Hiv tat MH - Transcription MH - Protein. AB - Background: HIV-1 is characterized by its rapid genetic evolution and high diversity as a consequence of its error-prone reverse transcriptase and genetic recombination. This latter mechanism is responsible for the creation of circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) found in nature. Previous studies from our lab group have shown that the epidemic in Argentina is characterized by one highly prevalent circulating recombinant form, CRF12_BF, and many related BF recombinant forms. Since transcriptional transactivation of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter element requires the essential viral Tat protein, since these genetic structures underwent recombination in variants widely spread in South America, the aim of this work was to study transcriptional activity associated with the recombinant LTR and Tat elements. Results: Differential transcriptional activity was measured for the BF recombinant LTR/Tat complex that is present in widely spread viral variants was demonstrated. This analysis demonstrated a higher activity for the BF complex when compared to its B subtype counterpart. Conclusion: This study indicates structural and functional consequences of recombination events within the LTR promoter and Tat transactivator protein of a naturally occurring HIV-1 recombinant form. [References: 37] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Salomon H Univ Buenos Aires, Natl Reference Ctr AIDS, Dept Microbiol, Sch Med Buenos Aires DF Argentina Univ Buenos Aires, Natl Reference Ctr AIDS, Dept Microbiol, Sch Med Buenos Aires DF Argentina <8> UI - 068EU-0003 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068EU AU - Hashimoto H AU - Fujii R AU - Yanagi K AU - Kusumoto T AU - Gardiner AT AU - Cogdell RJ AU - Roszak AW AU - Issacs NW AU - Pendon Z AU - Niedzwiedski D AU - Frank HA MA - hassy@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jp RA - Hashimoto H TI - Structures and functions of carotenoids bound to reaction centers from purple photosynthetic bacteria SO - Pure & Applied Chemistry. 78(8):1505-1518, 2006 Aug. AS - Pure Appl. Chem 2006 Aug;78(8):1505-1518 PU - INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY, 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA IS - 0033-4545 MH - Carotenoids MH - Reaction centers MH - X-ray crystallography MH - Stark spectroscopy MH - Transient absorption MH - Triplet state MH - Photoprotection MH - Spheroidene analogs. MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides r-26 MH - Triplet energy-transfer MH - Resonance stark spectroscopy MH - Light-harvesting antennas MH - State electron-transfer MH - Rhodopseudomonas-sphaeroides MH - Primary donor MH - Absorption-spectroscopy MH - Rhodospirillum-rubrum MH - Special pair. AB - The photoprotective function of 15,15'-cis-carotenoids bound to the photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) of purple bacteria has been studied using carotenoids reconstituted into carotenoidless RCs from Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain R26.1. The triplet-energy level of the carotenoid has been proposed to affect the quenching of the triplet state of special-pair bacteriochlorophyll (P). This was investigated using microsecond flash photolysis to detect the carotenoid triplets as a function of the number of conjugated double bonds, n. The carotenoid triplet signals were extracted by using singular-value decomposition (SVD) of the huge matrices data, and were confirmed for those having n = 8 to 11. This interpretation assumes that the reconstituted carotenoids occupy the same binding site in the RC. We have been able to confirm this assumption using X-ray crystallography to determine the structures of carotenoidless, wild-type carotenoid-containing, and 3,4-dihydro-spheroidene-reconstituted RCs. The X-ray study also emphasized the importance of the methoxy group of the carotenoids for binding to the RCs. Electroabsorption (Stark) spectroscopy was used to investigate the effect of the carotenoid on the electrostatic field around P. This electrostatic field changed by 10% in the presence of the carotenoid. [References: 56] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Chemistry in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Hashimoto H Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Sumiyoshi Ku 3-3-138 Sugimoto Osaka 5588585 Japan Osaka City Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Sumiyoshi Ku Osaka 5588585 Japan Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, PRESTO Kawaguchi Saitama 3320012 Japan Univ Glasgow, IBLS, Div Biochem & Mol Biol Glasgow G12 8QQ Lanark Scotland Univ Glasgow, Dept Chem Glasgow G12 8QQ Lanark Scotland Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Storrs, CT 06269 USA <9> UI - 066PW-0008 DD - ISI Document Solution: 066PW AU - Kompauer I AU - Heinrich J AU - Wolfram G AU - Linseisen J MA - joachim.heinrich@gsf.de RA - Heinrich J TI - Association of carotenoids, tocopherols and vitamin C in plasma with allergic rhinitis and allergic sensitisation in adults SO - Public Health Nutrition. 9(4):472-479, 2006 Jun. AS - Public Health Nutr 2006 Jun;9(4):472-479 PU - CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 2RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.cambridge.org IS - 1368-9800 MH - Antioxidants MH - Biomarkers MH - Allergic rhinitis MH - Allergic sensitisation. MH - Serum concentrations MH - Ecological analysis MH - European countries MH - Childhood asthma MH - Alpha-tocopherol MH - Gamma-tocopherol MH - Hay-fever MH - Diet MH - Nutrition MH - Prevalence. AB - Objectives: Antioxidant nutrients like carotenoids, tocopherols and vitamin C have been suggested to protect against allergic rhinitis and allergic sensitisation but scientific evidence is scarce. The aims of the study were to measure the plasma concentration of six carotenoids, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol and vitamin C as biomarkers of the intake, absorption and subsequent metabolism of these nutrients, and to assess their association with allergic rhinitis and sensitisation. Method: Data from a cross-sectional study on representative dietary and lifestyle habits of the population of Bavaria, Germany, were analysed. The plasma levels of six carotenoids (alpha-carotene, P-carotene, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin and cryptoxanthin) as well as of alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and vitamin C were measured in 547 adults aged between 19 and 81 years. Participants with specific serum immunoglobulin E >= 700 U l(-1) were categorised as sensitised. The association of plasma antioxidant levels, allergic rhinitis and allergic sensitisation was assessed by means of unconditional logistic regression models. Results: We observed a negative association between plasma total carotenoids and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis, with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.13 (0.54-2.39) for the second, 0.72 (0-33-1-58) for the third and 0.44 (0.19-1.03) for the fourth quartile of total carotenoids concentration (P for trend = 0.0332); results for lycopene failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.0608). Other single carotenoids, tocopherols and vitamin C were unrelated to allergic rhinitis. Allergic sensitisation was negatively associated with plasma gamma-tocopherol, with odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.92 (0.51-1.65) for the second, 1.00 (0-56-1.80) for the third and 0.45 (0.23-0.88) for the fourth quartile of plasma gamma-tocopherol concentration (P for trend = 0.0410). No other antioxidant was significantly related to allergic sensitisation. Conclusions: High plasma carotenoid concentrations reflecting a diet high in various fruits and vegetables might have a protective effect on allergic rhinitis in adulthood. [References: 33] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Clinical Medicine CC - Food Science/Nutrition in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition in Current Contents(R)/Clinical Medicine. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Heinrich J Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, GSF, Inst Epidemiol POB 1129 D-85758 Neuherberg Germany Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, GSF, Inst Epidemiol D-85758 Neuherberg Germany Univ Munich, Inst Med Data Management Biometr & Epidemiol Munich Germany Tech Univ Munich, Dept Food & Nutr D-8000 Munich Germany Tech Univ Munich, Unit Human Nutr & Canc Prevent D-8000 Munich Germany German Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Epidemiol D-6900 Heidelberg Germany <10> UI - 068OD-0022 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068OD AU - Iwasaki T AU - Kounosu A AU - Kolling DRJ AU - Lhee S AU - Crofts AR AU - Dikanov SA AU - Uchiyama T AU - Kumasaka T AU - Ishikawa H AU - Kono M AU - Imai T AU - Urushiyama A MA - tiwasaki@nms.ac.jp RA - Iwasaki T TI - Resonance Raman characterization of archaeal and bacterial Rieske protein variants with modified hydrogen bond network around the [2Fe-2S] center SO - Protein Science. 15(8):2019-2024, 2006 Aug. AS - Protein Sci 2006 Aug;15(8):2019-2024 PU - COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA. URL: http://www.cshl.org IS - 0961-8368 MH - Resonance raman MH - Rieske protein MH - [2fe-2s] cluster MH - Hydrogen bond MH - Cytochrome bc(1) complex MH - Rhodobacter MH - Archaea. MH - Iron-sulfur protein MH - Cytochrome bc(1) complex MH - Gram-negative bacteria MH - Sp strain 7 MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides MH - Cluster MH - Ferredoxin MH - Sulredoxin MH - Mitochondrial MH - Environment. AB - The rate of quinol oxidation by cytochrome bc(1)/b(6)f complex is in part associated with the redox potential (E-m) of its Rieske [2Fe-2S] center, for which an approximate correlation with the number of hydrogen bonds to the cluster has been proposed. Here we report comparative resonance Raman (RR) characterization of bacterial and archaeal high-potential Rieske proteins and their site-directed variants with a modified hydrogen bond network around the cluster. Major differences among their RR spectra appear to be associated in part with the presence or absence of Tyr-156 (in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides numbering) near one of the Cys ligands to the cluster. Elimination of the hydrogen bond between the terminal cysteinyl sulfur ligand (S-t) and Tyr-O eta (as with the Y156W variant, which has a modified histidine N-epsilon pK(a,ox)) induces a small structural bias of the geometry of the cluster and the surrounding protein in the normal coordinate system, and significantly affects some Fe-S-b/t stretching vibrations. This is not observed in the case of the hydrogen bond between the bridging sulfide ligand (S-b) and Ser-O gamma, which is weak and/or unfavorably oriented for extensive coupling with the Fe-S-b/t stretching vibrations. [References: 25] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Iwasaki T Nippon Med Coll, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 1138602 Japan Nippon Med Coll, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 1138602 Japan Univ Illinois, Dept Biochem Urbana, IL 61801 USA Univ Illinois, Dept Clin Vet Med Urbana, IL 61801 USA Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Life Sci Yokohama Kanagawa 2268501 Japan Rikkyo Univ, Dept Chem Tokyo 1718501 Japan <11> UI - 067UD-0011 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067UD AU - Gauden M AU - van Stokkum IHM AU - Key JM AU - Luhrs DC AU - Van Grondelle R AU - Hegemann P AU - Kennis JTM MA - john@nat.vu.nl RA - Kennis JTM TI - Hydrogen-bond switching through a radical pair mechanism in a flavin-binding photoreceptor SO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103(29):10895-10900, 2006 Jul 18. AS - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A 2006 Jul 18;103(29):10895-10900 PU - NATL ACAD SCIENCES, 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA. URL: http://www4.nationalacademies.org/nas/nashome.nsf IS - 0027-8424 MH - Flavoprotein MH - Light sensing MH - Photochemistry MH - Reaction mechanism MH - Spectroscopy. MH - Blue-light photoreceptor MH - Induced electron-transfer MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides MH - Transcriptional antirepressor MH - Lov2 domain MH - Amino-acid MH - Fad bluf MH - Appa MH - Protein MH - Spectroscopy. AB - BLUF (blue light sensing using FAD) domains constitute a recently discovered class of photoreceptor proteins found in bacteria and eukaryotic algae, where they control a range of physiological responses including photosynthesis gene expression, photophobia, and negative phototaxis. Other than in well known photoreceptors such as the rhodopsins and phytochromes, BLUF domains are sensitive to light through an oxidized flavin rather than an isomerizable cofactor. To understand the physicochemical basis of BLUF domain photoactivation, we have applied femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to the SIr1694 BLUF domain of Synechocystis PCC6803. We show that photoactivation of BLUF domains proceeds by means of a radical-pair mechanism, driven by electron and proton transfer from the protein to the flavin, resulting in the transient formation of anionic and neutral flavin radical species that finally result in the long-lived signaling state on a 100-ps timescale. A pronounced deuteration effect is observed on the lifetimes of the intermediate radical species, indicating that proton movements underlie their molecular transformations. We propose a photoactivation mechanism that involves a successive rupture of hydrogen bonds between a conserved tyrosine and glutamine by light-induced electron transfer from tyrosine to flavin and between the glutamine and flavin by subsequent protonation at flavin N5. These events allow a reorientation of the conserved glutamine, resulting in a switching of the hydrogen-bond network connecting the chromophore to the protein, followed by radical-pair recombination, which locks the glutamine in place. It is suggested that the redox potential of flavin generally defines the light sensitivity of flavin-binding photoreceptors. [References: 39] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Multidisciplinary in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Kennis JTM Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Dept Biophys De Boelelaan 1081 NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Sci, Dept Biophys NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands Humboldt Univ, Inst Biol D-10099 Berlin Germany <12> UI - 066PC-0003 DD - ISI Document Solution: 066PC AU - Jajoo A AU - Katsuta N AU - Kawamori A MA - anjanajajoo@hotmail.com RA - Jajoo A TI - An EPR study of the pH dependence of formate effects on Photosystem II SO - Plant Physiology & Biochemistry. 44(4):186-192, 2006 Apr. AS - Plant Physiol. Biochem 2006 Apr;44(4):186-192 PU - ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER, 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE. URL: http://www.elsevier.fr IS - 0981-9428 MH - Electron paramagnetic resonance MH - Oxygen evolution MH - Tyrosine y-z. MH - Photosynthetic oxygen evolution MH - Water-oxidizing complex MH - Non-heme iron MH - Acceptor-side MH - Donor side MH - Carboxylate anions MH - Redox components MH - Nitrosyl adducts MH - Nonheme fe(ii) MH - Ps-ii. AB - Effects of formate on rates Of 02 evolution and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals were observed in the oxygen evolving PS 11 membranes as a function of pH. In formate treated PS 11 membranes, decrease in pH value resulted in the inhibition of the 02 evolving activity, a decrease in the intensity of S-2 state multiline signal but an increase in the intensity of the Q(A)(-)Fe(2+) EPR signal, Time-resolved EPR study of the Yz(.) decay kinetics showed that the light-induced intensity of Yz(.) EPR signal was proportional to the formate concentration. The change in the pH affected both the light-induced intensities and the decay rates of Yz(.), which was found to be faster at lower pH. At 253 K, t(1/e) value of Yz(.) decay kinetics was found to be 8-10 s at pH 6.0 and 18-21 s at pH 5.0. The results presented here indicate that the extent of inhibition at the donor and the acceptor side of PS 11 due to formate is pH dependent, being more effective at lower pH. (c) 2006 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. [References: 31] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Jajoo A Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Sch Life Sci Indore 452017 Madhya Pradesh India Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Sch Life Sci Indore 452017 Madhya Pradesh India Kwansei Gakuin Univ, Fac Sci Sanda 6691337 Japan <13> UI - 068JU-0018 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068JU AU - Yin XY AU - Harbinson J AU - Struik PC MA - xinyou.yin@wur.nl RA - Yin XY TI - Mathematical review of literature to assess alternative electron transports and interphotosystem excitation partitioning of steady-state C-3 photosynthesis under limiting light [Review] SO - Plant, Cell & Environment. 29(9):1771-1782, 2006 Sep. AS - Plant Cell Environ 2006 Sep;29(9):1771-1782 PU - BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com IS - 0140-7791 MH - Alternative electron flux MH - Chloroplast nadph : atp balance MH - Nitrate (or nitrite) reduction MH - O-2 evolution MH - Photosynthesis modelling MH - Quantum efficiency. MH - Restricted energy-transfer MH - Radical-pair equilibrium MH - Water-water cycle MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Quantum yield MH - Carbon assimilation MH - Quenching analysis MH - Biochemical-model MH - Co2 assimilation. AB - Linear whole-chain electron (e(-)) transport plays a dominant role in generating NADPH and ATP required for carbon fixation in chloroplasts. However, other e(-) pathways may be present to contribute to the flexibility of e(-) transport in meeting demands by various downstream metabolic processes. The estimation of the fluxes of these alternative pathways in vivo is difficult, as they are not amenable to direct experimental measurement. A recently developed model based on the generalized stoichiometry for the chloroplast e(-) transport pathways makes it possible to indirectly but quantitatively assess the fractions of e(-) that follow the alternative pathways. This model approach is used to review data from the literature on concurrent measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence under steady-state, limiting light, non-photorespiratory conditions. The review suggests possible in vivo occurrence of cyclic e(-) transport (CET) under such conditions. About 10% of e(-) from the reduced ferredoxin follow the pseudocyclic mode, notably in support of nitrate reduction. The estimated fraction of e(-) from the reduced plastoquinone that follows the Q-cycle ( f(Q)) depends on the number of protons required per ATP synthesis. Our model approach also allows the excitation partitioning to photosystem II (PSII) to be assessed quantitatively. Most important, the model helps assess the limit value to uncertain physiological parameters and answer the 'what-if' question with regard to the effect of non-measured processes or measurement uncertainties on the estimations of alternative e(-) transports. [References: 62] LG - English PT - Review SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Yin XY Wageningen Univ, Crop & Weed Ecol Grp POB 430 NL-6700 AK Wageningen Netherlands Wageningen Univ, Crop & Weed Ecol Grp NL-6700 AK Wageningen Netherlands Wageningen Univ, Hort Prod Chains Grp NL-6709 PG Wageningen Netherlands <14> UI - 067TX-0001 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067TX AU - Bannister P AU - Lord JM RA - Bannister P TI - Comparative winter frost resistance of plant species from southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and South America grown in a common environment (Dunedin, New Zealand) SO - New Zealand Journal of Botany. 44(2):109-119, 2006 Jun. AS - N. Z. J. Bot 2006 Jun;44(2):109-119 PU - RSNZ PUBLISHING, PO BOX 598, WELLINGTON, 00000, NEW ZEALAND. URL: http://www.rsnz.govt.nz/www/sir IS - 0028-825X MH - Frost resistance MH - Climate zones MH - New zealand MH - South america MH - South africa MH - Australia MH - Trees MH - Shrubs MH - Common garden MH - Family MH - Genus MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence. MH - Pinus-radiata MH - Hardiness MH - Temperature MH - Tolerance MH - Responses MH - Damage MH - Chile MH - Tree. AB - The foliar frost resistance of plant species from the Southern Hemisphere is generally less than that of their northern equivalents, but are there differences between species from different southern land masses? Frost damage was determined visually and from measures of chlorophyll fluorescence: the two methods gave similar estimates of frost resistance. A majority of species had frost resistances that were in accord with frost hardiness ratings derived from USDA climate zones, but species assigned to warmer climate zones were often more frost resistant than expected. USDA climate zones, which are based on continental climates in the Northern Hemisphere, may need re-evaluation for the oceanic climates in the Southern Hemisphere. The frost resistance of various plant species from New Zealand, Australia, South America, and South Africa was determined in a common environment in the Dunedin Botanic Garden and its environs during the Dunedin winter (June-July 2005). South American species were the most frost resistant, followed by New Zealand, Australian, and South African species, which were generally the least resistant. Broadleaved trees and shrubs, and conifers, showed a similar pattern of resistance with respect to countries. These patterns were less consistent for families and genera and it was concluded that the climate of origin rather than taxonomic affinity determined the winter frost resistance of species sampled in the Botanic Gardens. [References: 26] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Bannister P Univ Otago, Dept Bot POB 56 Dunedin New Zealand Univ Otago, Dept Bot Dunedin New Zealand <15> UI - 067FK-0017 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067FK AU - Zhang YP AU - Wolfe DM AU - Pohlmann EL AU - Conrad MC AU - Roberts GP MA - groberts@bact.wisc.edu RA - Roberts GP TI - Effect of AmtB homologues on the post-translational regulation of nitrogenase activity in response to ammonium and energy signals in Rhodospirillum rubrum SO - Microbiology. 152(Part 7):2075-2089, 2006 Jul. AS - Microbiology-(UK) 2006 Jul;152(Part 7):2075-2089 PU - SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY, MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/default.htm IS - 1350-0872 MH - Reductase-activating glycohydrolase MH - Reversible adp-ribosylation MH - Nif gene-expression MH - Bacterium rhodobacter-capsulatus MH - Transduction protein glnk MH - Synechocystis sp pcc-6803 MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Glutamine-synthetase MH - Dinitrogenase reductase MH - Azospirillum-brasilense. AB - The AmtB protein transports uncharged NH3 into the cell, but it also interacts with the nitrogen regulatory protein P-II, which in turn regulates a variety of proteins involved in nitrogen fixation and utilization. Three P-II homologues, GInB, GInK and GInJ, have been identified in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum, and they have roles in at least four overlapping and distinct functions, one of which is the post-translational regulation of nitrogenase activity. In R. rubrum, nitrogenase activity is tightly regulated in response to NH4+ addition or energy depletion (shift to darkness), and this regulation is catalysed by the post-translational regulatory system encoded by draTG. Two amtB homologues, amtB(1) and amtB(2), have been identified in R. rubrum, and they are linked with glnJ and glnK, respectively. Mutants lacking AmtB(1) are defective in their response to both NH4+ addition and darkness, while mutants lacking AmtB(2) show little effect on the regulation of nitrogenase activity. These responses to darkness and NH4+ appear to involve different signal transduction pathways, and the poor response to darkness does not seem to be an indirect result of perturbation of internal pools of nitrogen. It is also shown that AmtB(1) is necessary to sequester detectable amounts GInJ to the cell membrane. These results suggest that some element of the AmtB(1)-P-II regulatory system senses energy deprivation and a consistent model for the integration of nitrogen, carbon and energy signals by P-II is proposed. Other results demonstrate a degree of specificity in interaction of AmtB(1) with the different P-II homologues in R. rubrum. Such interaction specificity might be important in explaining the way in which P-II proteins regulate processes involved in nitrogen acquisition and utilization. [References: 92] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Roberts GP Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol Madison, WI 53706 USA Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol Madison, WI 53706 USA Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Study Nitrogen Fixat Madison, WI 53706 USA <16> UI - 067SF-0002 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067SF AU - Schubert H AU - Andersson M AU - Snoeijs P MA - hendrik.schubert@uni-rostock.de RA - Schubert H TI - Relationship between photosynthesis and non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in two red algae with different carotenoid compositions SO - Marine Biology. 149(5):1003-1013, 2006 Aug. AS - Mar. Biol 2006 Aug;149(5):1003-1013 PU - SPRINGER, 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA. URL: http://www.springeronline.com IS - 0025-3162 MH - Photosystem-ii fluorescence MH - Xanthophyll cycle MH - State transitions MH - A fluorescence MH - Light MH - Photoprotection MH - Zeaxanthin MH - Antheraxanthin MH - Cyanobacteria MH - Acclimation. AB - Algae are continuously exposed to short-term fluctuations in irradiance. We investigate how two red algae species regulate photosynthetic efficiency to cope with such changes and identify some strategies that differ from higher plants. Two red algae, Gracilaria domingensis and Kappaphycus alvarezii, with antheraxanthin and lutein as major xanthophylls, respectively, reacted to the onset of low light (below E-k) with a substantial decrease of NPQ. This is different from higher plants, but similar to previous observations in, e.g. cyanobacteria where it indicates an increase in the effective absorbance cross-section of Photosystem II (PSII) by state transition. Kinetic studies in continuous light revealed a high susceptibility of PSII to light stress ((1-q(P))/NPQ) in K. alvarezii immediately after the sudden onset of high light, followed by a decrease. This was caused by a slower onset of NPQ in K. alvarezii, followed by acclimation. In G. domingensis, susceptibility of PSII to light stress was stable with time, but absolute values of (1-q(P))/NPQ were higher than in K. alvarezii. These observations suggest that K. alvarezii may be better adapted to high light levels, but is less well prepared for large sudden changes in irradiation. In K. alvarezii, photosynthesis continued to increase with increasing irradiation when NPQ was saturated. As (1-q(P)) and NPQ were still balanced in this situation, most likely, processes other than photosynthetic oxygen release are responsible for the increasing net O-2 production observed. [References: 52] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Schubert H Univ Rostock Albert Einstein Str 3 D-18051 Rostock Germany Univ Rostock D-18051 Rostock Germany Uppsala Univ, Evolut Biol Ctr, Dept Ecol & Evolut S-75236 Uppsala Sweden <17> UI - 067SF-0003 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067SF AU - Veliz K AU - Edding M AU - Tala F AU - Gomez I MA - igomezo@uach.cl RA - Gomez I TI - Effects of ultraviolet radiation on different life cycle stages of the south Pacific kelps, Lessonia nigrescens and Lessonia trabeculata (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) SO - Marine Biology. 149(5):1015-1024, 2006 Aug. AS - Mar. Biol 2006 Aug;149(5):1015-1024 PU - SPRINGER, 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA. URL: http://www.springeronline.com IS - 0025-3162 MH - Uv-radiation MH - Macrocystis-pyrifera MH - B radiation MH - Saccharina phaeophyta MH - History stages MH - Light stress MH - Gametophytes MH - Growth MH - Photosynthesis MH - Chile. AB - The effects of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), 280-400 nm, in different life histories and development stages of the kelps, Lessonia nigrescens and L. trabeculata, collected in the south-east Pacific coast (30 degrees S) were evaluated in the laboratory. Germination and viability (motile zoospores, settled spores), diameter of the primary cell of the gametophytes, percentage of female gametophytes, fertility and sporophytes production were measured after exposure to three radiation treatments (PAR; PAR + UVA; PAR + UVA + UVB). The effects of UVR in young sporophytes (diploid stage) were evaluated as changes in maximal quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence of photosystem II (PSII) (F-v/F-m). A significant decrease in all variables was observed for the treatment that included UVB (PAR + UVA + UVB) after 2 and 4 h of exposure, in relation to the control. The motile spores were more sensitive to UVR exposure compared to settled spores and gametophytes, suggesting that along with an increase in ontogenetic development; there is an increase in the tolerance to UVR. In addition, it was observed that early stages of the intertidal L. nigrescens were more tolerant to UVR compared to the subtidal L. trabeculata. These results allow initially to infer that UVR may be regarded as an important environmental factor influencing the upper limit of distribution of these species, mainly through its detrimental effects on the early stages of the life cycle. [References: 55] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Gomez I Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias, Inst Marine Biol Casilla 567 Valdivia Chile Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias, Inst Marine Biol Valdivia Chile Univ Catolica Norte, Dept Biol Marina, Fac Ciencias Mar Coquimbo Chile <18> UI - 066WW-0023 DD - ISI Document Solution: 066WW AU - Vopel K AU - Hawes I MA - k.vopel@niwa.co.nz RA - Vopel K TI - Photosynthetic performance of benthic microbial mats in Lake Hoare, Antarctica SO - Limnology & Oceanography. 51(4):1801-1812, 2006 Jul. AS - Limnol. Oceanogr 2006 Jul;51(4):1801-1812 PU - AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY, 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA IS - 0024-3590 MH - Dry valley lakes MH - Diffusive boundary-layer MH - Ice-covered lake MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Pam fluorometer MH - Algal mats MH - Phytoplankton MH - Sediments MH - Light MH - Water. AB - We measured in situ photosynthesis of benthic microbial mats at various depths in Lake Hoare, a permanently ice-covered lake of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, using oxygen (02) microelectrodes. We further investigated the vertical distribution and activity of pigments in the microbial mats using an imaging pulse-amplitude-modulated fluorometer. Microbial mats to at least 16.6-m water depth are net producers Of 02 during the summer period. Net 02 production ranges from 100-500 mu mol m(-2) h(-1) at incident downwelling irradiances of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of 1.0-4.6 mu mol quanta m(-2) s(-1). Photosynthesis of mat-forming cyanobacteria and diatoms occurs at all lake depths at or close to maximum efficiency. We measured absorption by the pigment arrays at a single water depth and, by assuming that absorption is water-depth invariant, we estimated an area-specific maximum community quantum yield of 0.073 mol carbon per mol photons. A community compensation irradiance of 0.1 mu mol quanta m(-2) s(-1) was estimated, reflecting extreme shade acclimation. These results confirm estimates previously derived from laboratory gas-exchange measurements and imply that even minor changes in the intensity of the incident downwelling irradiance of PAR caused by, for example, changes in the transparency of the ice cover or the optical properties of the water column can significantly alter rates of benthic carbon fixation. In situ measurements were confined to mats with flat surfaces. Laboratory measurements at the surface of mats with pinnacled surfaces revealed a complex small-scale chemical structure at the mat-water interface. [References: 42] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Vopel K Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res POB 11-115 Hamilton New Zealand Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Hamilton New Zealand World Fish Ctr Western Province Solomon Islands <19> UI - 066WW-0031 DD - ISI Document Solution: 066WW AU - Warner ME AU - LaJeunesse TC AU - Robison JD AU - Thur RM RA - Warner ME TI - The ecological distribution and comparative photobiology of symbiotic dinoflagellates from reef corals in Belize: Potential implications for coral bleaching SO - Limnology & Oceanography. 51(4):1887-1897, 2006 Jul. AS - Limnol. Oceanogr 2006 Jul;51(4):1887-1897 PU - AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY, 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA IS - 0024-3590 MH - Great-barrier-reef MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Elevated-temperature MH - Algal symbionts MH - Photosynthetic response MH - Fluorescence transient MH - Genus symbiodinium MH - Building corals MH - Zooxanthellae MH - Diversity. AB - The photobiology and distribution of dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium was investigated for eight common reef coral species over a depth range of 1-25 m on a coral reef in Belize. The genetic identification of symbionts using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient electrophoresis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 region revealed marked differences in host specificity and depth zonation for certain symbiont types. Each host taxon was found to associate with a limited subset of symbionts that exist in the region. Intraspecific variation was greatest at the shallower sites (1-8 m), where as many as five distinctive symbionts were distributed among a single host population (e.g., Montastraea faveolata). At depth (15-25 m), variation from colony to colony was minimal, where one algal type associated with most or all the colonies of a species. The maximal photochemical efficiency and light-acclimated efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) were determined by active chlorophyll fluorescence and used to assess potential differences in photosynthetic potential. Under normal ambient conditions, little or no physiological differences were noted among different symbionts occurring in the same species of coral at a particular depth, yet interspecific differences in PSII efficiency were noted between coral species at the same depth. Short-term bleaching experiments showed that symbionts B1 and C7 within M faveolata experienced a higher degree of thermally induced photoinhibition relative to A4a symbionts in Porites astreoides. The differential patterns of PSII inactivation observed within M. faveolata could be explained by the presence of different symbiont populations within this coral. Differences in in situ maximum excitation pressure on PSII between symbionts within some corals may provide a predictive measure of how different species of coral or individual colonies with different symbionts would respond to natural thermal stress events. [References: 44] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Warner ME Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies 700 Pilottown Rd Lewes, DE 19958 USA Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies Lewes, DE 19958 USA Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Miami, FL 33199 USA <20> UI - 068JQ-0009 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068JQ AU - Wielgus J AU - Levy O MA - Jeffrey.Wielgus@asu.edu RA - Wielgus J TI - Differences in photosynthetic activity between coral sections infested and not infested by boring spionid polychaetes SO - Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 86(4):727-728, 2006 Aug. AS - J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K 2006 Aug;86(4):727-728 PU - CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA. URL: http://www.cup.org IS - 0025-3154 MH - In-situ MH - Fluorescence MH - Chlorophyll MH - Colonies. AB - A SCUBA-based fast repetition rate fluorometer (FRRF) was used to study differences in the functional absorption cross-section of Photosystem II (sigma(PSII)) between areas of a coral colony of Astreopora myriophthalma that were infested with spionid polychaetes vs areas lacking worms. The mean value of sigma(PSII) in infested areas (mean +/- SD=347.62 +/- 30.67 angstrom(2)) was significantly higher than in the areas that were not infested (316.32 +/- 17.49 angstrom(2); P < 0.0001). Several physiological mechanisms are discussed that may contribute to the observed differences. [References: 10] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Wielgus J Arizona State Univ, Fac Life Sci Tempe, AZ 85287 USA Interuniv Inst Marine Sci Elat Israel Bar Ilan Univ, Fac Life Sci IL-52900 Ramat Gan Israel <21> UI - 066VR-0004 DD - ISI Document Solution: 066VR AU - El-Sabaawi R AU - Harrison PJ MA - rana@uvic.ca RA - El-Sabaawi R TI - Interactive effects of irradiance and temperature on the photosynthetic physiology of the pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia granii (Bacillariophyceae) from the northeast subarctic Pacific SO - Journal of Phycology. 42(4):778-785, 2006 Aug. AS - J. Phycol 2006 Aug;42(4):778-785 PU - BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com IS - 0022-3646 MH - Diatom MH - Fluorescence MH - Irradiance MH - Photosynthesis MH - Pseudo-nitzschia MH - Subartic pacific MH - Temperature. MH - Harvesting complex-ii MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Marine-phytoplankton MH - Chlorella-vulgaris MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Growth-rate MH - Phaeodactylum-tricornutum MH - Biochemical-composition MH - Electron-transport MH - Quenching analysis. AB - This study examined how light and temperature interact to influence growth rates, chl a, and photosynthetic efficiency of the oceanic pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia granii Hasle, isolated from the northeast subarctic Pacific. Growth rates were modulated by both light and temperature, although for each irradiance tested, the growth rate was always the greatest at similar to 14 degrees C. Chl a per cell was affected primarily by temperature, except at the maximum chl a per cell (at 10 degrees C) where the effects of light were noticeable. At both ends of the temperature gradient, cells displayed evidence of chlorosis even at low light intensities. Chl fluorescence data suggested that cells at 8 degrees C were significantly more efficient in their photosynthetic processes than cells at 20 degrees C, despite having comparable concentrations of chl. Cells at low temperature showed photosynthetic characteristics similar to high-irradiance-adapted cells. The decline of growth rates beyond the optimum growth temperature coincided with the cell's inability to accumulate chl in response to increasing temperature. The decline in photosynthetic ability at 20 degrees C was likely due to a combination of high-temperature stress on cellular membranes and a decline in chl. Our results highlight the important interactions between light and temperature and the need to incorporate these interactions into the development of phytoplankton models for the subarctic Pacific. [References: 43] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: El-Sabaawi R Univ Victoria, Dept Biol POB 3020 Victoria BC V8W 3N5 Canada Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada <22> UI - 067KD-0002 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067KD AU - Hanelt D AU - Hawes I AU - Rae R MA - dieter.hanelt@botanik.uni-hamburg.de RA - Hanelt D TI - Reduction of UV-B radiation causes an enhancement of photoinhibition in high light stressed aquatic plants from New Zealand lakes SO - Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology. B - Biology. 84(2):89-102, 2006 Aug 1. AS - J. Photochem. Photobiol. B-Biol 2006 Aug 1;84(2):89-102 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. URL: http://www.elsevier.nl IS - 1011-1344 MH - Freshwater plants MH - Algae MH - Photodamage MH - Uv absorbing compounds MH - Sun shine simulation. MH - Solar ultraviolet-radiation MH - Alga dictyota-dichotoma MH - Reaction center protein MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Marine macroalgae MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Hypocotyl elongation MH - Depth distribution MH - Arctic macroalgae MH - Ulva-rotundata. AB - Anthropogenic stratospheric ozone depletion causes an increase of UV-B radiation impinging on the earth surface, which is a threat to plants not adapted to higher UV-B irradiances. Investigations were undertaken with aquatic plants from New Zealand, where UV-irradiances are naturally higher due to the southern latitude, to compare with former results of polar species. The experiments reported in this study were undertaken with plants collected from different lakes of the South Island, with different UV transparencies. Photoinhibition was induced under controlled conditions using a sun simulator, which mimicked the natural underwater radiation spectrum. Photosynthetic activity during high light stress, and during recovery in dim light, was determined in vivo by measuring fluorescence changes, using a PAM fluorometer device. A comparison of different species showed that the extent to which UV causes an additional decrease of photosynthetic performance during high light stress varies according to the depth of growth and UV transparency of the water body. This observation fits with previous studies. However, a new finding was that some species were even more strongly inhibited when UV-B was filtered out of the simulated sun spectrum, indicating a supporting effect of the short UVR wavelength range against photoinhibition. These results were also confirmed by field experiments under natural radiation conditions. Thus, UV-B does not solely cause negative effects on photosynthesis, but it may even support recovery processes in aquatic plants adapted to a high UV-radiation environment. The latter is in contrast to earlier studies, in which UV-B radiation was considered causing only harmful effects on photosynthesis of aquatic plants. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 59] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Hanelt D Univ Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Abt Zellbiol Phykol Ohnhorststr 18 D-22609 Hamburg Germany Univ Hamburg, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Abt Zellbiol Phykol D-22609 Hamburg Germany Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Hamilton New Zealand <23> UI - 067KD-0004 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067KD AU - Andreasson KIM AU - Wangberg SA MA - kristin.andreasson@botany.gu.se RA - Andreasson KIM TI - Biological weighting functions as a tool for evaluating two ways to measure UVB radiation inhibition on photosynthesis SO - Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology. B - Biology. 84(2):111-118, 2006 Aug 1. AS - J. Photochem. Photobiol. B-Biol 2006 Aug 1;84(2):111-118 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. URL: http://www.elsevier.nl IS - 1011-1344 MH - Carbon fixation MH - Bwf MH - Biological weighting function MH - Microalgae MH - Pam fluorescence MH - Photosynthesis inhibition MH - Uvb. MH - Ultraviolet-b radiation MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Dunaliella-salina MH - Solar-radiation MH - Ice algae MH - Phytoplankton MH - Sensitivity MH - Impact MH - Consequences MH - Environment. AB - To estimate the inhibitory effect of the changing UVB radiation (UVBR, 280-315 nm) on earth's ecosystems, an understanding of its wavelength dependency is needed. The tool used for these estimations is the biological weighting function (BWF), whereby the inhibition of different wavelengths is calculated. B\WFs were determined for three algae species from different classes, Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae), Dunaliella tertiolecta (Chlorophyceae) and Rhodomonas sp. (Cryptophyceae), using polychromatic irradiation, where the UVBR spectra were varied with cut-off filters. For each alga, BWFs were determined for two photosynthetic parameters; the quantum yield measured as fluorescence from Photo System II in a pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometer, and the fixation of C-14-labelled carbon dioxide. The BWFs were calculated with the Rundel method, using the radiation data between 270 and 360 nm with 1 nm resolution. The results show that the UVBR damages were generally higher when using the carbon fixation measurements than when measuring with the PAM technique. When using PAM, P. tricornutum in particular had a sensitivity intermediate between the sensitive Rhodomonas sp. and the more tolerant D. tertiolecta, but was as sensitive as, or even more sensitive, than Rhodomonas sp. when using carbon fixation. D. tertiolecta was shown to be less sensitive when using both techniques and the inhibition of its photosynthesis was almost as high when using PAM as when using carbon fixation. We concluded that, although the PAM technique has advantages such as being cleaner and easier to use, it is unable to Substitute the carbon fixation measurements. Not only are the algae less sensitive when measured with PAM than they are when measured as carbon fixation, the relationship between the effects on the algae measured with the two techniques also differs. As fixation of carbon dioxide integrates a larger part of the photosynthetic machinery, it should be favoured as a measure of photosynthesis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 33] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Andreasson KIM Univ Gothenburg, Inst Vaxtoch Miljovetenskaper Box 461 SE-40530 Gothenburg Sweden Univ Gothenburg, Inst Vaxtoch Miljovetenskaper SE-40530 Gothenburg Sweden <24> UI - 068PG-0009 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068PG AU - Wada K AU - Yamaguchi H AU - Harada J AU - Niimi K AU - Osumi S AU - Saga Y AU - Oh-oka H AU - Tamiaki H AU - Fukuyama K MA - fukuyama@bio.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp RA - Fukuyama K TI - Crystal structures of BchU, a methyltransferase involved in bacteriochlorophyll c biosynthesis, and its complex with S-adenosylhomocysteine: Implications for reaction mechanism SO - Journal of Molecular Biology. 360(4):839-849, 2006 Jul 21. AS - J. Mol. Biol 2006 Jul 21;360(4):839-849 PU - ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.apnet.com IS - 0022-2836 MH - Crystal structure MH - Bacteriochlorophyll c MH - S-adenosylmethionine MH - Reaction mechanism MH - Chlorobium tepidum. MH - Green photosynthetic bacteria MH - Complete genome sequence MH - Single axial ligand MH - X-ray-diffraction MH - Chlorobium-tepidum MH - Synthetic zinc MH - C-20 methyltransferase MH - Sulfur bacterium MH - Light MH - Chlorins. AB - BchU plays a role in bacteriochlorophyll c biosynthesis by catalyzing methylation at the C-20 position of cyclic tetrapyrrole chlorin using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl source. This methylation. causes red-shifts of the electronic absorption spectrum of the light-harvesting pigment, allowing green photosynthetic bacteria to adapt to low-light environments. We have determined the crystal structures of BchU and its complex with S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). BchU forms a dimer and each subunit consists of two domains, an N-terminal domain and a C-terminal domain. Dimerization occurs through interactions between the N-terminal domains and the residues responsible for the catalytic reaction are in the C-terminal domain. The binding site of SAH is located in a large cavity between the two domains, where SAH is specifically recognized by many hydrogen bonds and a salt-bridge. The electron density map of BchU in complex with an analog of bacteriochlorophyll c located its central metal near the SAH-binding site, but the tetrapyrrole ring was invisible, suggesting that binding of the ring to BchU is loose and/or occupancy of the ring is low. It is likely that His290 acts as a ligand for the central metal of the substrate. The orientation of the substrate was predicted by simulation, and allows us to propose a mechanism for the BchU directed methylation: the strictly conserved Tyr246 residue acts catalytically in the direct transfer of the methyl group from SAM to the substrate through an S(N)2-like mechanism. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 39] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Molecular Biology & Genetics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Fukuyama K Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol Sci Toyonaka Osaka 560043 Japan Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Biol Sci Toyonaka Osaka 560043 Japan Ritsumeikan Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol Shiga 5258577 Japan <25> UI - 068LB-0002 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068LB AU - Fungsin B AU - Takashima M AU - Sugita T AU - Artjariyasripong S AU - Potacharoen W AU - Tanticharoen M AU - Nakase T MA - bundit@tistr.or.th RA - Fungsin B TI - Builera koratensis sp nov and Bullera lagerstroemiae sp nov., two new ballistoconidium-forming yeast species in the Trichosporonales clade isolated from plant leaves in Thailand SO - Journal of General & Applied Microbiology. 52(2):73-81, 2006 Apr. AS - J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol 2006 Apr;52(2):73-81 PU - MICROBIOL RES FOUNDATION, JAPAN ACADEMIC SOC CENTER BLDG 4-16 YAYOI 2-CHOME, TOKYO, TOKYO 113, JAPAN IS - 0022-1260 MH - Bullera koratensis sp nov. MH - Bullera lagerstroemiae sp nov. MH - New ballistoconidiogenous yeasts MH - New yeasts from thailand. MH - Taiwan. AB - Seven strains of ballistoconidiogenous yeasts that contain xylose, form Q-10 ubiquinone, propagate by budding and don't produce stalk conidia were isolated from plant leaves collected in Thailand and were found to represent two new species. The taxonomic properties of the two species coincided with the genus Bullera so they are described as Builera koratensis sp. nov. and Bullera lagerstroemiae sp. nov. In phylogenetic trees based on the nucleotide sequences of 18S ribosomal DNA and the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA, these two species are located in the Trichosporonales clacle (Cryptococcus humicola-Trichosporon lineage). [References: 21] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Fungsin B Thailand Inst Sci & Technol Res 35 M 3,Klong 5 Klongluang 12120 Pathumthani Thailand Thailand Inst Sci & Technol Res Klongluang 12120 Pathumthani Thailand RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Japan Collect Microorganisms Wako Saitama 3510198 Japan Meiji Pharmaceut Univ, Dept Microbiol Kiyose 2048588 Japan Natl Sci & Technol Dev Agcy, BIOTEC Cent Res Unit, Natl Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand Tokyo Univ Agr, Dept Appl Biol & Chem, Fac Appl Biosci, Setagaya Ku Tokyo 1568502 Japan <26> UI - 068QO-0001 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068QO AU - Kato M AU - Matsumoto H AU - Ikoma Y AU - Okuda H AU - Yano M MA - masayaka@agr.shizuoka.ac.jp RA - Kato M TI - The role of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases in the regulation of carotenoid profiles during maturation in citrus fruit SO - Journal of Experimental Botany. 57(10):2153-2164, 2006. AS - J. Exp. Bot 2006;57(10):2153-2164 PU - OXFORD UNIV PRESS, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.oup.co.uk IS - 0022-0957 MH - Abscisic acid MH - Carotenoid MH - Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase MH - Citrus MH - Fruit maturation MH - Xanthophyll. MH - Abscisic-acid biosynthesis MH - 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase MH - Gene family MH - Beta-ionone MH - Arabidopsis MH - Enzymes MH - Orange MH - Vp14 MH - Identification MH - Localization. AB - To investigate the relationship between a carotenoid profile and gene expression for carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases, three citrus varieties that exhibit different 9-cis-violaxanthin levels in their juice sacs, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.; a variety accumulating a low level of 9-cis-violaxanthin), Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck; variety accumulating a high level of 9-cis-violaxanthin), and Lisbon lemon (Citrus limon Burm.f.; a variety accumulating an undetectable level of 9-cis-violaxanthin) were used. Three cDNAs (CitCCD1, CitNCED2, and CitNCED3) were cloned. The recombinant CitCCD1 protein cleaved beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and all-trans-violaxanthin at the 9-10 and 9'-10' positions and 9-cis-violaxanthin at the 9'-10' position. The recombinant CitNCED2 and CitNCED3 proteins cleaved 9-cis-violaxanthin at the 11-12 position to form xanthoxin, a precursor of abscisic acid (ABA). The gene expression of CitCCD1 increased in the flavedos and juice sacs of the three varieties during maturation. In Satsuma mandarin, the gene expression of CitNCED2 and CitNCED3 increased noticeably, accompanying a massive accumulation of ABA in the flavedo and juice sacs. In Valencia orange, the gene expression of CitNCED3 increased with a slight elevation of the ABA level in the flavedo, whereas neither the gene expression of CitNCED2 nor the ABA level increased noticeably in the juice sacs. In Lisbon lemon, the gene expression of CitNCED2 increased remarkably, accompanying increases in the ABA level in the flavedo and juice sacs. These results suggest that, in the juice sacs, the efficient cleavage reaction for ABA synthesis reduces the 9-cis-violaxanthin level in Satsuma mandarin and Lisbon lemon, whereas the low cleavage reaction maintains the predominant 9-cis-violaxanthin accumulation in Valencia orange. [References: 35] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Kato M Univ Shizuoka, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Fac Agr 395 Yada Shizuoka 4228529 Japan Natl Inst Fruit Tree Sci, Dept Citrus Res Shizuoka 4240292 Japan Natl Inst Fruit Tree Sci, Dept Citrus Res Nagasaki 8592501 Japan <27> UI - 068QO-0006 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068QO AU - Kytridis VP AU - Manetas Y MA - y.manetas@upatras.gr RA - Manetas Y TI - Mesophyll versus epidermal anthocyanins as potential in vivo antioxidants: evidence linking the putative antioxidant role to the proximity of oxy-radical source SO - Journal of Experimental Botany. 57(10):2203-2210, 2006. AS - J. Exp. Bot 2006;57(10):2203-2210 PU - OXFORD UNIV PRESS, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.oup.co.uk IS - 0022-0957 MH - Methyl viologen MH - Phenolics MH - Photoinhibition MH - Reactive oxygen species MH - Red leaves. MH - Green leaves MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence MH - Quintinia-serrata MH - Oxidative damage MH - Red MH - Plants MH - Cycle MH - Photoinhibition MH - Photosynthesis MH - Chloroplasts. AB - The hypothesis that anthocyanins in red leaves may be potential in vivo antioxidants whose efficiency is linked to their proximity with the oxy-radical source was tested. Advantage was taken of intra-individual and intra-species variations in the anthocyanic trait and green and red leaves on the same individuals or leaves of green and red phenotypes were compared for the extent of PSII damage by reactive oxygen species generated by methyl viologen treatment in the light. Two species possessing anthocyanins in the mesophyll (Cistus creticus and Photinia x fraseri) and two in the epidermis (Rosa sp. and Ricinus communis) were used, while red actinic light (which is not absorbed by anthocyanins) allowed discrimination between an indirect sunscreen and a direct antioxidant function. Red leaves whose anthocyanins were located in the mesophyll were more resistant to methyl viologen treatment than their green counterparts. In one of these species (Cistus creticus), where anthocyanins are induced in some individuals within the natural population after bright cool days in winter, both green and future-red morphs displayed the same sensitivity to methyl viologen before anthocyanin induction. Immediately after reddening, however, resistance to methyl viologen was considerably increased in the red morphs. By contrast, red leaves whose anthocyanins were restricted to epidermal cells were more sensitive to the herbicide. Total leaf phenolic levels in green/red pairs were similar. The results indicate that vacuolar anthocyanins may be an effective in vivo target for oxy-radicals, provided that the oxy-radical source and the anthocyanic detoxifying sink are in close vicinity. [References: 40] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Manetas Y Univ Patras, Dept Biol, Lab Plant Physiol GR-26500 Patras Greece Univ Patras, Dept Biol, Lab Plant Physiol GR-26500 Patras Greece <28> UI - 068QO-0029 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068QO AU - Igamberdiev AU AU - Kleczkowski LA MA - igamberd@cc.umanitoba.ca RA - Igamberdiev AU TI - Equilibration of adenylates in the mitochondrial intermembrane space maintains respiration and regulates cytosolic metabolism SO - Journal of Experimental Botany. 57(10):2133-2141, 2006. AS - J. Exp. Bot 2006;57(10):2133-2141 PU - OXFORD UNIV PRESS, GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.oup.co.uk IS - 0022-0957 MH - Adenylate kinase MH - Apyrase MH - Free magnesium MH - Intermembrane space MH - Metabolomics MH - Mitochondrion MH - Respiration. MH - Activated protein-kinase MH - Energy-charge MH - Plant-cells MH - Oxidative-phosphorylation MH - Dynamic compartmentation MH - Spinach-chloroplasts MH - Glutamine-synthetase MH - Pisum-sativum MH - Atp synthase MH - Magnesium. AB - Adenylate kinase (AK) uses one each of Mg-complexed and free adenylates as substrates in both directions of its reaction. It is very active in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS), but is absent from the mitochondrial matrix where low [ADP] upon intensive respiration limits the respiratory rate. AK activity in the IMS is linked to ATP/ADP exchange across the inner mitochondrial membrane by using ATP (imported from the matrix) and AMP as substrates, the latter provided by apyrase and other AMP-generating reactions. The ADP formed by AK is exported to the matrix (in exchange for ATP), providing a mechanism for regeneration of ADP during respiration. From the AK equilibrium, and taking pH values characteristic of subcellular compartments, [Mg2+] in the IMS is calculated as 0.4-0.5 mM and in the cytosol as 0.2-0.3 mM, whereas the MgATP:MgADP ratio in the IMS and cytosol is 6-9 and 10-15, respectively. These represent optimal conditions for transport of adenylates (via the maintenance of an ATP(free):ADP(free) ratio close to 1) and mitochondrial respiratory rates (via the maintenance of submillimolar [ADP(free)] in the IMS). This, in turn, has important consequences for mitochondrial and cytosolic metabolism, including regulation of the protein phosphorylation rate (via changes in the MgATP:AMP(free) ratio) and allosteric regulation of mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes. Metabolomic consequences are discussed in connection with the calculation of metabolic fluxes from subcompartmental distributions of total adenylates and Mg2+. [References: 62] LG - English PT - Editorial Material SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Animal & Plant Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Igamberdiev AU Univ Manitoba, Dept Plant Sci, Fac Agr & Food Sci Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada Univ Manitoba, Dept Plant Sci, Fac Agr & Food Sci Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada Umea Univ, Dept Plant Physiol, Umea Plant Sci Ctr S-90187 Umea Sweden <29> UI - 068PO-0010 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068PO AU - Yoshioka M AU - Uchida S AU - Mori H AU - Komayama K AU - Ohira S AU - Morita N AU - Nakanishi T AU - Yamamoto Y MA - yasusiya@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp RA - Yamamoto Y TI - Quality control of photosystem II - Cleavage of reaction center D1 protein in spinach thylakoids by FtsH protease under moderate heat stress SO - Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281(31):21660-21669, 2006 Aug 4. AS - J. Biol. Chem 2006 Aug 4;281(31):21660-21669 PU - AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA. URL: http://www.asbmb.org IS - 0021-9258 MH - Higher-plants MH - Repair cycle MH - Photosynthetic membranes MH - Arabidopsis-thaliana MH - Chloroplastic ftsh MH - Oxygen evolution MH - High-temperature MH - Light stress MH - In-vivo MH - Photoinhibition. AB - When spinach thylakoids were subjected to moderate heat stress ( 40 degrees C for 30 min), oxygen evolution was inhibited, and cleavage of the reaction center-binding protein D1 of photosystem II took place, producing 23-kDa N-terminal fragments. The D1 cleavage was greatly facilitated by the addition of 0.15 mM ZnCl2 and 1 mM ATP and was completely inhibited by 1 mM EDTA, indicating the participation of an ATP-dependent metalloprotease(s) in the D1 cleavage. Herbicides 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1- dimethyl urea, bromoxynil, and ioxynil, all of which bind to the Q(B) site, inhibited the D1 cleavage, suggesting that the DE-loop of the D1 protein is the heat-sensitive cleavage site. We solubilized the protease by treating the thylakoids with 2 M KSCN and detected a protease activity in the supernatant by gelatin activity gel electrophoresis in the 70 - 80-kDa region. The antibodies against tobacco FtsH and Arabidopsis FtsH2 reacted with a 70 - 80-kDa band of the KSCN-solubilized fraction, which suggests the presence of FtsH in the fraction. In accordance with this finding, we identified the homolog to Arabidopsis FtsH8 in the 70 - 80-kDa region by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass analysis of the thylakoids. The KSCN-solubilized fraction was successively reconstituted with thylakoids to show heat-induced cleavage of the D1 protein and production of the D1 fragment. These results strongly suggest that an FtsH protease( s) is involved in the primary cleavage of the D1 protein under moderate heat stress. [References: 42] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Yamamoto Y Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol Okayama 7008530 Japan Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol Okayama 7008530 Japan Shujitsu Univ, Sch Pharm Okayama 7038516 Japan <30> UI - 068PO-0038 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068PO AU - Wehner A AU - Grasses T AU - Jahns P MA - pjahns@uni-duesseldorf.de RA - Jahns P TI - De-epoxidation of violaxanthin in the minor antenna proteins of photosystem II, LHCB4, LHCB5, and LHCB6 SO - Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281(31):21924-21933, 2006 Aug 4. AS - J. Biol. Chem 2006 Aug 4;281(31):21924-21933 PU - AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA. URL: http://www.asbmb.org IS - 0021-9258 MH - Light-harvesting complex MH - Carotenoid-binding-sites MH - In-vitro reconstitution MH - Resolved fluorescence analysis MH - Xanthophyll-cycle MH - Intermittent-light MH - Higher-plants MH - Energy-dissipation MH - Pigment-binding MH - Psbs protein. AB - The conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin is essentially required for the pH-regulated dissipation of excess light energy in the antenna of photosystem II. Violaxanthin is bound to each of the antenna proteins of both photosystems. Former studies with recombinant Lhcb1 and different Lhca proteins implied that each antenna protein contributes specifically to violaxanthin conversion related to protein-specific affinities of the different violaxanthin binding sites. We investigated the violaxanthin de-epoxidation in the minor antenna proteins of photosystem II, Lhcb4-6. Recombinant proteins were reconstituted with different xanthophyll mixtures to study the conversion of violaxanthin at different xanthophyll binding sites in these proteins. The extent and kinetics of violaxanthin de-epoxidation were found to be dependent on the respective protein and, for each protein, also on the binding site of violaxanthin. In particular, violaxanthin bound to Lhcb4 was nearly inconvertible for de-epoxidation, whereas violaxanthin bound to Lhcb5 was fully convertible but with slow kinetics. Lhcb6 exhibited heterogeneous violaxanthin conversion characteristics, which could be assigned to different populations of reconstituted Lhcb6 complexes with respect to violaxanthin binding sites. The results support the proposed different binding affinities of violaxanthin to the three putative violaxanthin binding sites (V1, N1, and L2) in antenna proteins. Under consideration of former studies with Lhcb1 and Lhca proteins, the data imply that violaxanthin bound to the V1 and N1 binding site of antenna proteins is easily accessible for de-epoxidation in all antenna proteins, whereas violaxanthin bound to L2 is either only slowly or not convertible to zeaxanthin, depending on the respective protein. [References: 58] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Jahns P Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Biochem Pflanzen D-40225 Dusseldorf Germany Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Biochem Pflanzen D-40225 Dusseldorf Germany <31> UI - 068PO-0067 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068PO AU - Muller A AU - Severi E AU - Mulligan C AU - Watts AG AU - Kelly DJ AU - Wilson KS AU - Wilkinson AJ AU - Thomas GH MA - ajw@ysbl.york.ac.uk, ght2@york.ac.uk RA - Wilkinson AJ TI - Conservation of structure and mechanism in primary and secondary transporters exemplified by SiaP, a sialic acid binding virulence factor from Haemophilus influenzae SO - Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281(31):22212-22222, 2006 Aug 4. AS - J. Biol. Chem 2006 Aug 4;281(31):22212-22222 PU - AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA. URL: http://www.asbmb.org IS - 0021-9258 MH - Crystal-structure MH - Rhodobacter-capsulatus MH - Trap transporters MH - Ligand-binding MH - Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase MH - Halomonas-elongata MH - Molecular-graphics MH - Serum resistance MH - Sugar-binding MH - Protein dctp. AB - Extracytoplasmic solute receptors (ESRs) are important components of solute uptake systems in bacteria, having been studied extensively as parts of ATP binding cassette transporters. Herein we report the first crystal structure of an ESR protein from a functionally characterized electrochemical ion gradient-dependent secondary transporter. This protein, SiaP, forms part of a tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter specific for sialic acid in Haemophilus influenzae. Surprisingly, the structure reveals an overall topology similar to ATP binding cassette ESR proteins, which is not apparent from the sequence, demonstrating that primary and secondary transporters can share a common structural component. The structure of SiaP in the presence of the sialic acid analogue 2,3-didehydro-2-deoxyN-acetylneuraminic acid reveals the ligand bound in a deep cavity with its carboxylate group forming a salt bridge with a highly conserved Arg residue. Sialic acid binding, which obeys simple bimolecular association kinetics as determined by stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy, is accompanied by domain closure about a hinge region and the kinking of an alpha-helix hinge component. The structure provides insight into the evolution, mechanism, and substrate specificity of ESR-dependent secondary transporters that are widespread in prokaryotes. [References: 55] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Wilkinson AJ Univ York, Dept Chem, Struct Biol Lab York YO10 5YW N Yorkshire England Univ York, Dept Chem, Struct Biol Lab York YO10 5YW N Yorkshire England Univ York, Dept Biol York YO10 5YW N Yorkshire England Univ Sheffield, Dept Mol Biol & Biotechnol Sheffield S10 2TN S Yorkshire England <32> UI - 068IH-0034 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068IH AU - Sigal N AU - Molshanski-Mor S AU - Bibi E MA - e.bibi@weizmann.ac.il RA - Bibi E TI - No single irreplaceable acidic residues in the Escherichia coli secondary multidrug transporter MdfA SO - Journal of Bacteriology. 188(15):5635-5639, 2006 Aug. AS - J. Bacteriol 2006 Aug;188(15):5635-5639 PU - AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY, 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA. URL: http://www.asmusa.org IS - 0021-9193 MH - Genome sequence MH - Resistance protein MH - Drug-resistance MH - Efflux pump MH - Membrane MH - Recognition MH - Antiporter MH - Bacteria MH - Charge MH - Roles. AB - The largest family of solute transporters (major facilitator superfamily [MFS]) includes proton-motive-force-driven secondary transporters. Several characterized MFS transporters utilize essential acidic residues that play a critical role in the energy-coupling mechanism during transport. Surprisingly, we show here that no single acidic residue plays an irreplaceable role in the Escherichia coli secondary multidrug transporter MdfA. [References: 31] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Bibi E Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Chem IL-76100 Rehovot Israel Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Chem IL-76100 Rehovot Israel <33> UI - 068IF-0015 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068IF AU - Fahrbach M AU - Kuever J AU - Meinke R AU - Kampfer P AU - Hollender J MA - juliane.hollender@eawag.ch RA - Hollender J TI - Denitratisoma oestradiolicum gen. nov., sp nov., a 17 beta-oestradiol-degrading, denitrifying betaproteobacterium SO - International Journal of Systematic & Evolutionary Microbiology. 56(Part 7):1547-1552, 2006 Jul. AS - Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol 2006 Jul;56(Part 7):1547-1552 PU - SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY, MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/default.htm IS - 1466-5026 MH - Sewage-treatment plant MH - Performance liquid-chromatography MH - Sulfate-reducing bacteria MH - Decompose fatty-acids MH - Waste-water treatment MH - Activated-sludge MH - Rapid method MH - Estrogens MH - Degradation MH - Cholesterol. AB - A Gram-negative, motile, denitrifying bacterium (strain AcBE2-1(T)) was isolated from activated sludge of a municipal wastewater treatment plant using 17 beta-oestradiol (E2) as sole source of carbon and energy. Cells were curved rods, 0(.)4-0(.)8 x 0(.)8-2(.)0 mu m in size, non-fermentative, non-spore-forming, oxidase-positive and catalase-negative. E2 was oxidized completely to carbon dioxide and water by reduction of nitrate to a mixture of dinitrogen monoxide and dinitrogen, with the intermediate accumulation of nitrite. Electron recoveries were between 90 and 100%, taking assimilated E2 into account. With nitrate as the electron acceptor, the bacterium also grew on fatty acids (C-2 to C-6), isobutyrate, crotonate, DL-lactate, pyruvate, fumarate and succinate. Phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain AcBE2-1(T) represents a separate line of descent within the family Rhodocyclaceae (Betaproteobacteria). The closest relatives are the cholesterol-degrading, denitrifying bacteria Sterolibacterium denitriticans IDSM 13999(T) and strain 72Chol (=DSM 12783), with < 93.9% sequence similarity. The G+C content of the DNA was 61(.)4 mol%. Detection of a quinone system with ubiquinone 0-8 as the predominant compound and a fatty acid profile that included high concentrations of C-16:1 omega 7c/iso-C-15:0 2-OH and C-16:0, in addition to C-18:1 omega 7c and small amounts of C-8:0 3-OH, supported the results of the phylogenetic analysis. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain AcBE2-1(T) (=DSM 16959(T) = JCM 12830(T)) is placed in a new genus Denitratisoma gen. nov. as the type strain of the type species Denitratisoma oestradiolicum gen. nov., sp. nov. [References: 32] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Hollender J Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Klinikum, Inst Hyg & Environm Med Pauwelsstr 30 D-52074 Aachen Germany Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Klinikum, Inst Hyg & Environm Med D-52074 Aachen Germany Fdn Inst Mat Sci, Bremen Inst Mat Testing D-28199 Bremen Germany Univ Giessen, Inst Angewandte Mikrobiol D-35392 Giessen Germany Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Eawag CH-8600 Dubendorf Switzerland <34> UI - 068IF-0025 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068IF AU - Kim MK AU - Im WT AU - In JG AU - Kim SH AU - Yang DC MA - deokchunyang@yahoo.co.kr RA - Yang DC TI - Thermomonas koreensis sp nov., a mesophilic bacterium isolated from a ginseng field SO - International Journal of Systematic & Evolutionary Microbiology. 56(Part 7):1615-1619, 2006 Jul. AS - Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol 2006 Jul;56(Part 7):1615-1619 PU - SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY, MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/default.htm IS - 1466-5026 MH - Performance liquid-chromatography MH - Gamma-proteobacterium MH - Deoxyribonucleic-acid MH - Relatedness MH - Reactor. AB - A Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, strain Ko06(T), was isolated from soil from a ginseng field in South Korea and was characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain Ko06T belongs to the Gammaproteobacteria, and the highest levels of sequence similarity were with Thermomonas brevis LMG 21746(T) (98-4%), Thermomonas fusca LMG 21737(T) (97(.)7%), Thermomonas haemolytica A50-7-3(T) (96(.)5%) and Thermomonas hydrothermalis SGM-6 T (95.8%). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain Ko06(T) possesses ubiquinone 0-8 and that the predominant fatty acids are C-15:0 iso, C-11:0 iso, and C-11:0 iso 3-OH, all of which corroborated assignment of the strain to the genus Thermomonas. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests clearly demonstrated that strain Ko06T represents a distinct species. On the basis of these data, strain Ko06(T) (=KCTC 12540(T) =NBRC 10115(T)) should be classified as the type strain of a novel Thermomonas species, for which the name Thermomonas koreensis sp. nov. is proposed. [References: 23] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Yang DC Kyung Hee Univ, Coll Life Sci, Dept Oriental Med Mat & Proc 1 Seocheon Kyunggido 449701 South Korea Kyung Hee Univ, Coll Life Sci, Dept Oriental Med Mat & Proc Kyunggido 449701 South Korea Kyung Hee Univ, Grad Sch E W Med Sci, Dept Oncol Kyunggido 449701 South Korea Biopia Co Ltd Kiheung Yongin 449598 Kyunggi Do South Korea <35> UI - 068IF-0031 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068IF AU - Srinivas TNR AU - Kumar PA AU - Sasikala C AU - Ramana CV AU - Suling J AU - Imhoff JF MA - r449@sify.com RA - Ramana CV TI - Rhodovulum marinum sp nov., a novel phototrophic purple non-sulfur alphaproteobacterium from marine tides of Visakhapatnam, India SO - International Journal of Systematic & Evolutionary Microbiology. 56(Part 7):1651-1656, 2006 Jul. AS - Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol 2006 Jul;56(Part 7):1651-1656 PU - SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY, MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/default.htm IS - 1466-5026 MH - Gen. nov. MH - Rhodobacter-sulfidophilus MH - Deoxyribonucleic acid MH - Comb. nov MH - Bacteria MH - Reclassification MH - Marichromatium. AB - A yellowish-brown bacterium was isolated from enrichment cultures inoculated with seawater samples from the eastern coast of India (Visakhapatnam) under photoheterotrophic conditions. Enrichment and isolation in a medium containing 2% NaCl (w/v) yielded strain JA128(T), which has ovoid to rod-shaped cells, also forms chains and is non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA128(T) clusters with the Alphaproteobacteria and the sequence similarity with its closest relatives, Rhodovulum iodosum and Rhodovulum suffidophilum, was 95%. Strain JA128(T) contained vesicular intracytoplasmic membranes, bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spheroidene series. Strain JA128(T) was mesophilic, slightly acidophilic, slightly halophilic and grew photoheterotrophically with a number of organic compounds as carbon source and electron donor. It was unable to grow photoautotrophically, chemoautotrophically or by fermentative modes. It did not utilize sulfide, thiosulfate or hydrogen as electron donors. Thiamine was required as a growth factor. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, morphological and physiological characteristics, strain JA128(T) was significantly different from other species of the genus Rhodovulum and was recognized as a novel species for which the name Rhodovulum marinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA128(T) (=ATCC BAA 1215(T)= CCUG 52183(T)=jCM 13300(T)). [References: 26] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Ramana CV Univ Hyderabad, Sch Life Sci, Dept Plant Sci PO Cent Univ Hyderabad 500046 Andhra Pradesh India Univ Hyderabad, Sch Life Sci, Dept Plant Sci Hyderabad 500046 Andhra Pradesh India TNJ Univ, Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Environm, Environm Microbial Biotechnol Lab Hyderabad 500072 Andhra Pradesh India Leibniz Inst Meereswissenschaften D-24105 Kiel Germany <36> UI - 068IF-0033 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068IF AU - Im WT AU - Kim SH AU - Kim MK AU - Ten LN AU - Lee ST MA - e_stlee@kaist.ac.kr RA - Lee ST TI - Pleomorphomonas koreensis sp nov., a nitrogen-fixing species in the order Rhizobiales SO - International Journal of Systematic & Evolutionary Microbiology. 56(Part 7):1663-1666, 2006 Jul. AS - Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol 2006 Jul;56(Part 7):1663-1666 PU - SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY, MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/default.htm IS - 1466-5026 MH - Deoxyribonucleic-acid MH - Sequence alignment. AB - A Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium (strain Y9(T)) was isolated from a contaminated culture of the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris, and was investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Y9(T) belonged to the order Rhizobiales in the Alphaproteobacteria. Comparison of phylogenetic data indicated that it was most closely related to Pleomorphomonas oryzae (98(.)5% similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence), and the phylogenetic distance from any other species of the order Rhizobiales with a validly published name was greater than 7(.)5% (i.e. less than 92(.)5% similarity). The predominant ubiquinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids were C-18:1, C-16:0, C-19:0 cyclo omega 8c and C-18:0. The G + C content of genomic DNA of strain Y9(T) was 65(.)1 mol%. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data demonstrated that strain Y9(T) represents a novel species within the genus Pleomorphomonas, for which the name Pleomorphomonas koreensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Y9(T) (=KCTC 12246(T) =NBRC 100803(T)) [References: 17] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Lee ST Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Environm & Mol Microbiol Lab 373-1 Guseong Dong Taejon 305701 South Korea Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Biol Sci, Environm & Mol Microbiol Lab Taejon 305701 South Korea Natl Univ Uzbekistan Tashkent 700174 Uzbekistan <37> UI - 068IF-0037 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068IF AU - Naser SM AU - Vancanneyt M AU - Hoste B AU - Snauwaert C AU - Swings J MA - Sabri.Naser@Ugent.be RA - Naser SM TI - Lactobacillus cypricasei Lawson et al. 2001 is a later heterotypic synonym of Lactobacillus acidipiscis Tanasupawat et al. 2000 SO - International Journal of Systematic & Evolutionary Microbiology. 56(Part 7):1681-1683, 2006 Jul. AS - Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol 2006 Jul;56(Part 7):1681-1683 PU - SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY, MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.socgenmicrobiol.org.uk/default.htm IS - 1466-5026 MH - Gene sequence-analysis MH - Deoxyribonucleic-acid MH - Sp nov. MH - Identification MH - Hybridization MH - Relatedness MH - Dna. AB - The applicability of a multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA)-based identification system for lactobacilli was evaluated. Two housekeeping genes that code for the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase a-subunit (pheS) and RNA polymerase a-subunit (rpoA) were sequenced and analysed for members of the Lactobacillus salivarius species group. The type strains of Lactobacillus acidipiscis and Lactobacillus cypricasei were investigated further using a third gene that encodes the a-subunit of ATP synthase (atpA). The MLSA data revealed close relatedness between L. acidipiscis and L. cypricasei, with 99(.)8-100% pheS, rpoA and atpA gene sequence similarities. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strains of the two species confirmed the close relatedness (99-8% gene sequence similarity) between the two taxa. Similar phenotypes and high DNA-DNA binding values in the range of 84 to 97(.)5% confirmed that L. acidipiscis and L. cypricasei are synonymous species. On the basis of the present study, it is proposed that Lactobacillus cypricasei is a later heterotypic synonym of Lactobacillus acidipiscis. [References: 17] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Naser SM Univ Ghent, Microbiol Lab KL Ledeganckstr 35 B-9000 Ghent Belgium Univ Ghent, Microbiol Lab B-9000 Ghent Belgium Univ Ghent, BCCMtm LMG Bacterial Collect B-9000 Ghent Belgium <38> UI - 067WH-0012 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067WH AU - Wold JP AU - Veberg A AU - Lundby F AU - Nilsen AN AU - Moan J MA - jens.petter.wold@matforsk.no RA - Wold JP TI - Influence of storage time and color of light on photooxidation in cheese: A study based on sensory analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy SO - International Dairy Journal. 16(10):1218-1226, 2006 Oct. AS - Int. Dairy J 2006 Oct;16(10):1218-1226 PU - ELSEVIER SCI LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.elsevier.com IS - 0958-6946 MH - Photooxidation MH - Fluorescence spectroscopy MH - Sensory analysis MH - Cheese MH - Riboflavin MH - Porphyrin MH - Chlorophyll. MH - Dairy-products MH - Induced oxidation MH - Lipid oxidation MH - Havarti cheese MH - Chemometrics MH - Chlorophyll MH - Riboflavin MH - Porphyrins MH - Flavor MH - Milk. AB - The sensitivity of front-face fluorescence spectroscopy to determine light-induced sensory changes in Jarlsberg cheese was elucidated. The cheese was exposed to white fluorescent light from 0 to 48h, followed by fluorescence (380nm excitation) and sensory analysis. Significant changes in sensory properties occurred after 4h of exposure, while spectral changes could be measured after 30min. Correlations between fluorescence spectra and sensory properties were generally high ( approximate to 0.9). Sensory response to exposure to light of equal intensity, but of different colors was also investigated. Violet and white light resulted in the worse quality degradation, while green light gave least adverse effects. No significant (p > 0.05) sensory difference between exposure to red and blue light was observed. Photoinduced changes by red, orange, and yellow light are ascribed to light degradation of porphyrins and chlorins, while for violet, blue, and green light, the degradation of riboflavin is probably also involved. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 25] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences CC - Food Science/Nutrition in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Wold JP MATFORSK, Norwegian Food Res Inst Osloveien 1 N-1430 As Norway MATFORSK, Norwegian Food Res Inst N-1430 As Norway Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Dept Chem Biotechnol & Food Sci N-1432 As Norway Norwegian Radium Hosp, Inst Canc Res, Dept Biophys N-0310 Oslo Norway <39> UI - 067WR-0016 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067WR AU - Ramirez A AU - Castaneda M AU - Xiqui ML AU - Sosa A AU - Baca BE MA - ebaca@siu.buap.mx RA - Baca BE TI - Identification, cloning and characterization of cysK, the gene encoding O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase from Azospirillum brasilense, which is involved in tellurite resistance SO - FEMS Microbiology Letters. 261(2):272-279, 2006 Aug. AS - FEMS Microbiol. Lett 2006 Aug;261(2):272-279 PU - BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com IS - 0378-1097 MH - O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase (oass) MH - Cysk gene MH - Azospirillum brasilense MH - Tellurite resistance. MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Cysteine synthase MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides MH - Salmonella-typhimurium MH - Stearothermophilus-v MH - Nitrate reductase MH - Sulfhydrylase MH - Biosynthesis MH - Purification MH - Inoculation. AB - O-Acetylserine (thiol)-lyase (cysteine synthase) was purified from Azospirillum brasilense Sp7. After hydrolysis of the purified protein, amino acid sequences of five peptides were obtained, which permitted the cloning and sequencing of the cysK gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of cysteine synthase exhibited homology with several putative proteins from Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria. Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 cysK exhibited 58% identity (72% similarity) with Escherichia coli K12 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cysteine synthase proteins. An E. coli auxotroph lacking cysteine synthase loci could be complemented with A. brasilense Sp7 cysK. The 3.0-kb HindIII-EcoRI fragment bearing cysK contained two additional ORFs encoding a putative transcriptional regulator and dUTPase. Insertional disruption of the cysK gene did not produce a cysteine auxotroph, indicating that gene redundancy in the cysteine biosynthetic or other biosynthetic pathways exists in Azospirillum, as already described in other bacteria. Nitrogen fixation was not altered in the mutant strain as determined by acetylene reduction. However, this strain showed an eight-fold reduction in tellurite resistance as compared to the wild-type strain, which was only observed during growth in minimal medium. These data confirm earlier observations regarding the importance of cysteine metabolism in tellurite resistance. [References: 37] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Microbiology in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Baca BE Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Inst Ciencias, Ctr Invest Microbiol Apdo Postal 1622 Puebla 72000 Mexico Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Inst Ciencias, Ctr Invest Microbiol Puebla 72000 Mexico Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla, Fac Med Puebla Mexico <40> UI - 067EK-0019 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067EK AU - Mao HZ AU - Gray WD AU - Weber J MA - joachim.weber@ttuhsc.edu RA - Weber J TI - Does F-1-ATPase have a catalytic site that preferentially binds MgADP? SO - FEBS Letters. 580(17):4131-4135, 2006 Jul 24. AS - FEBS Lett 2006 Jul 24;580(17):4131-4135 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.elsevier.com IS - 0014-5793 MH - Atp synthase MH - F-1-atpase MH - Catalytic sites MH - High-affinity site MH - Binding change MH - Enzyme mechanism. MH - Atp synthase MH - Escherichia-coli MH - Nucleotide-binding MH - F1f0-atp synthase MH - Hydrolysis MH - Mechanism MH - Adp MH - Tryptophan MH - Rotation MH - Probes. AB - During ATP synthesis, ATP synthase has to bind MgADP in the presence of an excess of MgATP. Thus, for efficient ATP synthesis it would be desirable if incoming substrate could be bound to a catalytic site with a preference for MgADP over MgATP. We tested three hypotheses predicting the existence of such a site. However, our results showed that, at least in absence of an electrochemical proton gradient, none of the three catalytic sites has a higher affinity for MgADP than for MgATP. (c) 2006 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 41] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Weber J Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Lubbock, TX 79409 USA Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem Lubbock, TX 79409 USA Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell Biol & Biochem Lubbock, TX 79430 USA <41> UI - 068GM-0016 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068GM AU - Lawson EL AU - Clifton JG AU - Huang FL AU - Li XS AU - Hixson DC AU - Josic D MA - Djuro_Josic@brown.edu RA - Josic D TI - Use of magnetic beads with immobilized monoclonal antibodies for isolation of highly pure plasma membranes SO - Electrophoresis. 27(13):2747-2758, 2006 Jul. AS - Electrophoresis 2006 Jul;27(13):2747-2758 PU - WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY. URL: http://www.wileyinterscience.com IS - 0173-0835 MH - 2-d electrophoresis MH - Magnetic beads MH - Monoclonal antibodies MH - Plasma membranes MH - Subcellular proteomics. MH - Blue-native-electrophoresis MH - Atp synthase complex MH - Proteomic analysis MH - Protein complexes MH - Hepatocellular carcinomas MH - Cdna cloning MH - Rat MH - Liver MH - Cells MH - Expression. AB - In plasma membrane proteome research, contamination of the isolated plasma membrane fraction with proteins from other organelles is still a problem. Even if highly specific isolation methods are used, such as density gradient centrifugation combined with selective extraction, contaminating proteins cannot be completely removed. To solve this problem, a protocol for the isolation of highly pure plasma membrane fractions from rat liver and two different hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines was developed. Magnetic beads with immobilized mAb's against highly expressed membrane proteins were used for specific binding of membrane vesicles and their separation from other organelles. Isolated plasma membranes were further selectively solubilized with different reagents and analyzed by use of different methods, such as Western blotting, 1- and 2-DE, and MS. Purification and further selective solubilization was validated by use of mAb's against the marker integral plasma membrane protein carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1, and identification of isolated proteins by MS. The method presented here minimizes contamination with other organelles and enables further identification of membrane proteins. [References: 52] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Chemistry & Analysis in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Josic D Rhode Isl Hosp, COBRE, Ctr Canc Res Dev, CORO Ctr,Proteom Core Suite 4-208,1 Hoppin St Providence, RI 02903 USA Rhode Isl Hosp, COBRE, Ctr Canc Res Dev, CORO Ctr,Proteom Core Providence, RI 02903 USA Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Med Oncol, Dept Med Providence, RI 02902 USA Brown Univ, Dept Mol Biol Cell Biol & Biochem Providence, RI USA <42> UI - 068GM-0026 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068GM AU - Krause F MA - f_krause@pop.tu-darmstadt.de RA - Krause F TI - Detection and analysis of protein-protein interactions in organellar and prokaryotic proteomes by native gel electrophoresis: (Membrane) protein complexes and supercomplexes [Review] SO - Electrophoresis. 27(13):2759-2781, 2006 Jul. AS - Electrophoresis 2006 Jul;27(13):2759-2781 PU - WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY. URL: http://www.wileyinterscience.com IS - 0173-0835 MH - Blue-native-page MH - Colorless-native-page MH - Chloroplasts MH - Digitonin MH - Mitochondria. MH - Cytochrome-c-oxidase MH - Mitochondrial outer-membrane MH - Synechocystis sp pcc-6803 MH - Oxidative-phosphorylation complexes MH - Respiratory-chain supercomplexes MH - Nadh-ubiquinone oxidoreductase MH - Yeast atp synthase MH - Nad(p)h dehydrogenase complex MH - Cultured human-cells MH - General import pore. AB - It is an essential and challenging task to unravel protein-protein interactions in their actual in vivo context. Native gel systems provide a separation platform allowing the analysis of protein complexes on a rather proteome-wide scale in a single experiment. This review focus on blue-native (BN)-PAGE as the most versatile and successful gel-based approach to separate soluble and membrane protein complexes of intricate protein mixtures derived from all biological sources. BN-PAGE is a charge-shift method with a running pH of 7.5 relying on the gentle binding of anionic CBB dye to all membrane and many soluble protein complexes, leading to separation of protein species essentially according to their size and superior resolution than other fractionation techniques can offer. The closely related colorless-native (CN)-PAGE, whose applicability is restricted to protein species with intrinsic negative net charge, proved to provide an especially mild separation capable of preserving weak protein-protein interactions better than BN-PAGE. The essential conditions determining the success of detecting protein-protein interactions are the sample preparations, e.g. the efficiency/mildness of the detergent solubilization of membrane protein complexes. A broad overview about the achievements of BN- and CN-PAGE studies to elucidate protein-protein interactions in organelles and prokaryotes is presented, e.g. the mitochondrial protein import machinery and oxidative phosphorylation supercomplexes. In many cases, solubilization with digitonin was demonstrated to facilitate an efficient and particularly gentle extraction of membrane protein complexes prone to dissociation by treatment with other detergents. In general, analyses of protein interactomes should be carried out by both BN- and CN-PAGE. [References: 394] LG - English PT - Review SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Chemistry & Analysis in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Krause F Tech Univ Darmstadt, Dept Chem Petersenstr 22 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany Tech Univ Darmstadt, Dept Chem D-64287 Darmstadt Germany <43> UI - 067EX-0015 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067EX AU - Gardner WD AU - Mishonov A AU - Richardson MJ MA - wgardner@ocean.tamu.edu RA - Gardner WD TI - Global POC concentrations from in-situ and satellite data [Review] SO - Deep-Sea Research Part II-Topical Studies in Oceanography. 53(5-7):718-740, 2006. AS - Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr 2006;53(5-7):718-740 PU - PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.elsevier.com IS - 0967-0645 MH - Beam attenuation MH - Light transmission MH - Water transparency MH - Poc MH - Woce MH - Jgofs MH - Seawifs. MH - Particulate organic-carbon MH - Central equatorial pacific MH - England continental-shelf MH - Atlantic time-series MH - Beam attenuation MH - Ocean-color MH - Arabian sea MH - Light-scattering MH - North-atlantic MH - Chlorophyll fluorescence. AB - During the last three decades significant contributions have been made to understanding regional and global distribution of chlorophyll in the ocean by developing algorithms from ocean-color products. Analogously, in this work empirical algorithms are developed to derive concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC) from ocean-color products. We combined vertical profiles of particulate beam attenuation coefficient at 660 nm (cp) collected on numerous cruises during World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), South Atlantic Ventilation Experiment (SAVE), and other programs since the 1980s to create a global database. Discrete samples of POC and synchronously measured cp data collected in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Southern oceans during JGOFS and other programs were used to make cp:POC regressions to convert cp data to POC values. During the two programs, satellite data were available when synchronous POC samples and cp profiles were obtained over several seasons. cp averaged over one attenuation depth in the South Pacific and northeast Gulf of Mexico was correlated with four synchronous ocean-color products. A good correlation was obtained with both normalized water-leaving radiance at 555 nm (LWN(555)) and diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (K-490). Using a combined K490:cp regression from the two areas, global maps of the estimated mean cp were created and converted to mean POC concentration down to one attenuation depth for summer and winter seasons. Seasonal c(p), POC and chlorophyll distributions were used to map %CHL and c(p):CHL ratios within one attenuation depth as a possible index of phytoplankton physiology. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. [References: 107] LG - English PT - Review SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Aquatic Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Earth Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Gardner WD Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog College Stn, TX 77843 USA Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog College Stn, TX 77843 USA Natl Oceanog Data Ctr Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA <44> UI - 069BW-0009 DD - ISI Document Solution: 069BW AU - Bakac A MA - bakac@ameslab.gov RA - Bakac A TI - Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the reactions of transition metal-activated oxygen with inorganic substrates [Review] SO - Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 250(15-16):2046-2058, 2006 Aug. AS - Coord. Chem. Rev 2006 Aug;250(15-16):2046-2058 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA, PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. URL: http://www.elsevier.nl IS - 0010-8545 MH - Oxygen activation MH - Hydroperoxo MH - Oxygen transfer MH - Acid catalysis MH - Electron transfer MH - Halide. MH - Oxidation-reduction reactions MH - Macrocyclic superoxorhodium(iii) complex MH - Photosynthetic water oxidation MH - Electron-transfer reactions MH - Hydrogen-peroxide MH - Aqueous-solution MH - Molecular-oxygen MH - Photosystem-ii MH - Atom-transfer MH - Spectroscopic identification. AB - The intermediates generated in the process of oxygen activation at metal centers participate in hydrogen and oxygen atom transfer, electron transfer, substitution, acid-base chemistry, and free radical chemistry. The reactivity and intrinsic lifetimes of such intermediates in aqueous solutions are a strong function of pH as the metal-oxygen interaction adds an extra dimension to the already complex pH dependence of O-2 reduction. Acid-base chemistry at "nonparticipating" ligands plays a major role in the kinetics and mechanisms, and can even determine the outcome of some reactions. Superoxometal complexes are subject to homolytic metal-oxygen bond cleavage in acidic solutions, but decompose by heterolysis at higher pH. Reactions of halides by hydroperoxo and peroxo complexes proceed through two major channels - oxidation of halide ions, and catalysis of H2O2 disproportionation - in close resemblance to enzymes haloperoxidases. The combination of the thermodynamics of electron transfer and protonation equilibria make transition metal hydroperoxo complexes both better oxidants and better reductants than the parent H2O2 in 2-electron reactions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 126] LG - English PT - Review SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Inorganic & Nuclear Chemistry in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Bakac A Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab Ames, IA 50011 USA Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab Ames, IA 50011 USA Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem Ames, IA 50011 USA <45> UI - 068SC-0016 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068SC AU - Liu WM AU - Liu Y AU - Liu KJ AU - Yan YL AU - Guo LJ AU - Xu CH AU - Qian SX RA - Qian SX TI - Effect of the mutation of carotenoids on the dynamics of energy transfer in light-harvesting complexes (LH2) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides 601 at room temperature SO - Chinese Physics. 15(8):1725-1730, 2006 Aug. AS - Chin. Phys 2006 Aug;15(8):1725-1730 PU - IOP PUBLISHING LTD, DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.iop.org IS - 1009-1963 MH - Light harvesting complex (lh2) MH - Carotenoid mutation MH - Energy transfer MH - Femtosecond pump-probe. MH - Photosynthetic purple bacteria MH - Rhodobacter-sphaeroides MH - Antenna complex MH - Rhodopseudomonas-acidophila MH - State dynamics MH - Band shifts MH - S-1 state MH - Bacteriochlorophyll MH - Spheroidene MH - B800. AB - Energy transfers in two kinds of peripheral light-harvesting complexes (LH2) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (RS) 601 are studied by using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy with tunable laser wavelength at room temperature. These two complexes are native LH2 (RS601) and green carotenoid mutated LH2 (GM309). The obtained results demonstrate that, compared with spheroidenes with ten conjugated double bonds in native RS601, carotenoid in GM309 containing neurosporenes with nine conjugated double bonds can lead to a reduction in energy transfer rate in the B800-to-B850 band and the disturbance in the energy relaxation processes within the excitonic B850 band. [References: 33] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Physics in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Qian SX Fudan Univ, Dept Phys Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Fudan Univ, Dept Phys Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Shanghai Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol Shanghai 200032 Peoples R China Henan Univ, Dept Phys Kaifeng 475001 Peoples R China <46> UI - 067ED-0019 DD - ISI Document Solution: 067ED AU - Benzie IFF AU - Chung WY AU - Wang J AU - Richelle M AU - Bucheli P MA - iris.benzie@inet.polyu.edu.hk RA - Benzie IFF TI - Enhanced bioavailability of zeaxanthin in a milk-based formulation of wolfberry (Gou Qi Zi; Fructus barbarum L.) SO - British Journal of Nutrition. 96(1):154-160, 2006 Jul. AS - Br. J. Nutr 2006 Jul;96(1):154-160 PU - CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 2RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND. URL: http://www.cambridge.org IS - 0007-1145 MH - Wolfberry MH - Kei tze MH - Gou qi zi MH - Chinese medicine MH - Macular degeneration MH - Zeaxanthin. MH - Gou-qi-zi MH - Performance liquid-chromatography MH - Macular pigment density MH - Mass-spectrometry MH - Protective role MH - Lutein MH - Plasma MH - Carotenoids MH - Supplementation MH - Degeneration. AB - The carotenoid zeaxanthin is concentrated within the macula. Increased macular zeaxanthin is suggested to lower the risk of age-related macular degeneration. The small red berry, wolfberry (Fructus barbarum L.; Gou Qi Zi and Kei Tze), is one of the richest natural sources of zeaxanthin. However, carotenoid bioavailability is low, and food-based products with enhanced bioavailability are of interest. The present study investigated zeaxanthin bioavailability from three wolfberry formulations. Berries were homogenised in hot (80 degrees C) water, warm (40 degrees C) skimmed milk and hot (80 degrees C) skimmed milk, with freeze drying of each preparation into a powdered form. A zeaxanthin-standardised dose (15 mg) of each was consumed, in randomised order, together with a standardised breakfast by twelve healthy, consenting subjects in a cross-over trial, with a 3-5-week washout period between treatments. Blood samples were taken via a venous cannula immediately before (fasting) and 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 10 h post-ingestion. Zeaxanthin concentration in the triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein fraction of plasma was measured by HPLC. Results showed that triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein zeaxanthin peaked at 6 h post-ingestion for all formulations. Zeaxanthin bioavailability from the hot milk formulation was significantly higher (P < 0 center dot 001) than from the others. Mean area under the curve (n 12) results were 9 center dot 73 (sem 2 center dot 45), 3 center dot 24 (sem 0 center dot 72) and 3 center dot 14 (sem 1 center dot 09) nmolxh/l for the hot milk, warm milk and hot water formulations, respectively. Results showed clearly that homogenisation of wolfberry in hot skimmed milk results in a formulation that has a 3-fold enhanced bioavailability of zeaxanthin compared with both the 'classical' hot water and warm skimmed milk treatment of the berries. [References: 49] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Food Science/Nutrition in Current Contents(R)/Agricultural, Biology & Environmental Sciences. Endocrinology, Nutrition & Metabolism in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Benzie IFF Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Hlth Technol & Informat Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Hlth Technol & Informat Kowloon Hong Kong Peoples R China Nestle Res Ctr CH-1000 Lausanne Switzerland Shanghai Ltd, Nestel R&D Ctr Shanghai Peoples R China <47> UI - 066ZU-0004 DD - ISI Document Solution: 066ZU AU - Islas-Osuna MA AU - Silva-Moreno B AU - Caceres-Carrizosa N AU - Garcia-Robles JM AU - Sotelo-Mundo RR AU - Yepiz-Plascencia GM MA - islasosu@cascabel.ciad.mx RA - Islas-Osuna MA TI - Editing of the grapevine mitochondrial cytochrome b mRNA and molecular modeling of the protein SO - Biochimie. 88(5):431-435, 2006 May. AS - Biochimie 2006 May;88(5):431-435 PU - ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER, 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE. URL: http://www.elsevier.fr IS - 0300-9084 MH - Vitis vinifera l. MH - Cytochrome b MH - Rna editing MH - Molecular modeling MH - Mitochondria. MH - Apocytochrome-b MH - Nucleotide-sequence MH - Crystal-structure MH - Gene-expression MH - Bc(1) complex MH - Swiss-model MH - Transcripts MH - Cob MH - Genomes. AB - Cytochrome b (COB), the central catalytic subunit of ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase, is a component of the transmembrane electron transfer chain that generates proton motive force. Some plant COB mRNAs are processed by RNA editing, which changes the gene coding sequence. This report presents the sequences of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) mitochondrial gene for apocytochrome b (cob), the edited mRNA and the deduced protein. Grapevine COB is 393 amino acids long and is 98% identical to homologs in rapeseed, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oenothera sp. Twenty-one C-U editing sites were identified in the grapevine cob mRNA, resulting in 20 amino acid changes. These changes increase the overall hydrophobicity of the protein and result in a more conserved protein. Molecular modeling of grapevine COB shows that residues changed by RNA editing fit the secondary structure characteristic of an integral membrane protein. This is the first complete mitochondrial gene reported for grapevine. Novel RNA editing sites were identified in grapevine cob, which have not been previously reported for other plants. (c) 2005 Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. [References: 28] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Islas-Osuna MA Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Direcc Tecnol Alimentos Origen Vegetal AC Apdo Postal 1735 Hermosillo 83000 Sonora Mexico Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Direcc Tecnol Alimentos Origen Vegetal Hermosillo 83000 Sonora Mexico <48> UI - 066YL-0002 DD - ISI Document Solution: 066YL AU - Shevela DN AU - Khorobrykh AA AU - Klimov VV MA - klimov@issp.serpukhov.su RA - Klimov VV TI - Effect of bicarbonate on the water-oxidizing complex of photosystem II in the super-reduced S-states SO - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. 1757(4):253-261, 2006 Apr. AS - Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg 2006 Apr;1757(4):253-261 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.elsevier.com IS - 0005-2728 MH - S-state MH - Bicarbonate MH - Water-oxidizing complex MH - Photosystem ii. MH - Photosynthetic oxygen evolution MH - Transform infrared-spectroscopy MH - Isolated spinach thylakoids MH - Donor side MH - Evolving complex MH - O2 evolution MH - Manganese cluster MH - Hydrogen-peroxide MH - S-2 state MH - Oxidation. AB - It is shown that the hydrazine-induced transition of the water-oxidizing complex (WOC) to super-reduced S-states depends on the presence of bicarbonate in the medium so that after a 20 min treatment of isolated spinach thylakoids with 3 mM NH2NH2 at 20 degrees C in the CO2/HCO3--depleted buffer the S-state populations are: 42% of S-3, 42% of S-2, 16% of S-1 and even formal S-4 state is reached, while in the presence of 2 mM NaHCO3, the same treatment produces 30% of S-3, 38% of S-2, and 32% of S-1 and there is no indication of the S-4 state. Bicarbonate requirement for the oxygen-evolving activity, very low in untreated thylakoids, considerably increases upon the transition of the WOC to the super-reduced S-states, and the requirement becomes low again when the WOC returns back to the normal S-states using pre-illumination. The results are discussed as a possible indication of ligation of bicarbonate to manganese ions within the WOC. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 60] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Klimov VV Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems Pushchino 142290 Moscow Region Russia Russian Acad Sci, Inst Basic Biol Problems Pushchino 142290 Moscow Region Russia <49> UI - 066YL-0004 DD - ISI Document Solution: 066YL AU - Shinkarev VP AU - Crofts AR AU - Wraight CA MA - vshinkar@uiuc.edu RA - Shinkarev VP TI - Spectral and kinetic resolution of the bc(1) complex components in situ: A simple and robust alternative to the traditional difference wavelength approach SO - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. 1757(4):273-283, 2006 Apr. AS - Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg 2006 Apr;1757(4):273-283 PU - ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. URL: http://www.elsevier.com IS - 0005-2728 MH - Bc(1) MH - Complex MH - Electron transfer MH - Spectral deconvolution MH - Kinetics MH - Least squares MH - Rhodobacter sphaeroides. MH - Photosynthetic reaction-center MH - Cyclic electron-transfer MH - Rhodopseudomonas-sphaeroides MH - Transfer chain MH - Photosystem-i MH - Domain MH - Chromatophores MH - Cytochrome-c2 MH - Reduction MH - Mechanism. AB - The kinetics of the cytochrome (cyt) components of the bc(1) complex (ubiquinol: cytochrome c oxidoreductase, Complex III) are traditionally followed by using the difference of absorbance changes at two or more different wavelengths. However, this difference-wavelength (DW) approach is of limited accuracy in the separation of absorbance changes of components with overlapping spectral bands. To resolve the kinetics of individual components in Rhodobacter sphaeroides chromatophores, we have tested a simplified version of a least squares (LS) analysis, based on measurement at a minimal number of different wavelengths. The success of the simplified LS analysis depended significantly on the wavelengths used in the set. The "traditional" set of 6 wavelengths (542, 551, 561, 566, 569 and 575 nm), normally used in the DW approach to characterize kinetics of cyt c(cot) (cyt c(1) + cyt c(2)), cyt b(L), cyt b(H), and P870 in chromatophores, could also be used to determine these components via the simplified LS analysis, with improved resolution of the individual components. However, this set is not sufficient when information about cyts c(1) and c(2) is needed. We identified multiple alternative sets of 5 and 6 wavelengths that could be used to determine the kinetics of all 5 components (P870 and cyts c(1), c(2), b(L), and b(H)) simultaneously, with an accuracy comparable to that of the LS analysis based on a full set of wavelengths (1 nm intervals). We conclude that a simplified version of LS deconvolution based on a small number of carefully selected wavelengths provides a robust and significant improvement over the traditional DW approach, since it accounts for spectral interference of the different components, and uses fewer measurements when information about all five individual components is needed. Using the simplified and complete LS analyses, we measured the simultaneous kinetics of all cytochrome components of bc(1) complex in the absence and presence of specific inhibitors and found that they correspond well to those expected from the modified Q-cycle. This is the first study in which the kinetics of all cytochrome and reaction center components of the bc(1) complex functioning in situ have been measured simultaneously, with full deconvolution over an extended time range. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 31] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Shinkarev VP Univ Illinois, Dept Biochem 156 Davenport Hall,607 S Mathews Ave Urbana, IL 61801 USA Univ Illinois, Dept Biochem Urbana, IL 61801 USA <50> UI - 066OF-0005 DD - ISI Document Solution: 066OF AU - Wenz T AU - Hellwig P AU - MacMillan F AU - Meunier B AU - Hunte C MA - Carola.Hunte@mpibp-frankfurt.mpg.de RA - Hunte C TI - Probing the role of E272 in quinol oxidation of mitochondrial complex III SO - Biochemistry. 45(30):9042-9052, 2006 Aug 1. AS - Biochemistry 2006 Aug 1;45(30):9042-9052 PU - AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA. URL: http://pubs.acs.org IS - 0006-2960 MH - Cytochrome bc(1) complex MH - Iron-sulfur protein MH - Saccharomyces-cerevisiae MH - Q(o) site MH - Difference spectroscopy MH - Conformational-changes MH - Ubiquinol oxidation MH - Electron-transfer MH - Bovine heart MH - Bc complexes. AB - Bifurcated electron transfer during ubiquinol oxidation is the key reaction of complex III catalysis, but the molecular basis of this process is still not clear. E272 of the conserved cytochrome b PEWY motif has been suggested as a ligand and proton acceptor for ubiquinol oxidation at center P. We introduced the two replacement mutations, E272D and E272Q, into the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b gene by biolistic transformation to study their effects on substrate binding and catalysis. Both substitutions resulted in a lower ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase activity and affect the KM for ubiquinol. The E272 carboxylate stabilizes stigmatellin binding, and in accordance, both variants are resistant to stigmatellin. Large structural changes in the cofactor environment as well as in the binding pocket can be excluded. The mutations do not perturb the midpoint potentials of the heme groups. The sensitivity toward the respective distal and proximal niche inhibitors HDBT and myxothiazol is retained. However, both mutations provoke subtle structural alterations detected by redox FTIR. They affect binding and oxidation of ubiquinol, and they promote electron short-circuit reactions resulting in production of reactive oxygen species. The aspartate substitution modifies the environment of the reduced Rieske protein as monitored by EPR. Both variants alter the pH dependence of the enzyme activity. Diminished activity at low pH coincides with the loss of one protonatable group with a pK(a) of similar to 6.2 compared to three pK(a) values in the wild type, supporting the role of E272 in proton transfer. The conserved glutamate appears to influence the accurate formation of the enzyme-substrate complex and to govern the efficiency of catalysis. [References: 45] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Hunte C Max Planck Inst Biophys, Dept Mol Membrane Biol Max Laue Str 3 D-60438 Frankfurt Germany Max Planck Inst Biophys, Dept Mol Membrane Biol D-60438 Frankfurt Germany Univ Frankfurt, Inst Biophys D-60438 Frankfurt Germany Univ Frankfurt, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem D-60439 Frankfurt Germany Univ Frankfurt, Ctr Biomol Magnet Resonance D-60439 Frankfurt Germany Univ Coll London, Wolfson Inst Biomed Res London WC1E 6BT England <51> UI - 066OF-0027 DD - ISI Document Solution: 066OF AU - Zhang TQ AU - Rubtsov IV AU - Nakajima H AU - Aono S AU - Yoshihara K MA - zhangti@mail.nih.gov, Riken-Yoshihara@mosk.tytlabs.co.jp RA - Zhang TQ TI - Effect of mutation on the dissociation and recombination dynamics of CO in transcriptional regulator CooA: A picosecond infrared transient absorption study SO - Biochemistry. 45(30):9246-9253, 2006 Aug 1. AS - Biochemistry 2006 Aug 1;45(30):9246-9253 PU - AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA. URL: http://pubs.acs.org IS - 0006-2960 MH - Rhodospirillum-rubrum MH - Activator cooa MH - Carbon-monoxide MH - Heme-proteins MH - Resonance raman MH - Flash-photolysis MH - Gene-expression MH - Ligand-binding MH - Axial ligand MH - Histidine 77. AB - The CO ligation process in a mutant (H77G) of CooA, the CO-sensing transcriptional regulator in Rhodospirillum rubrum, is studied with femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region. Following photolyzing excitation, a transient bleach in the vibrational region of bound CO due to the CO photodissociation is detected. In contrast to the spectra of the wild-type ( WT) CooA, the transient bleach spectra of H77G CooA show a bimodal shape with peaks shifting to the lower frequency during spectral evolution. The CO recombination dynamics show single-exponential behavior, and the CO escaping yield is higher than that of the WT CooA. A reorientation process of CO relative to the heme plane during recombination is revealed by anisotropy measurements. These phenomena indicate changes in the protein response to the CO ligation and suggest an alteration to the CO environment caused by the mutation. On the basis of these results, the role of His77 in the CO-dependent activation of CooA and a possible activation mechanism involving collaborative movement of the heme and the amino residues at both sides of the heme plane are discussed. [References: 46] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Zhang TQ Natl Inst Hlth, Imaging Sci Program, Ctr Clin Bethesda, MD 20892 USA Japan Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci Tatsunokuchi Ishikawa 9231292 Japan <52> UI - 069CJ-0020 DD - ISI Document Solution: 069CJ AU - Gulbinas V AU - Karpicz R AU - Garab G AU - Valkunas L MA - leonas.valkunas@ff.vu.lt RA - Valkunas L TI - Nonequilibrium heating in LHCII complexes monitored by ultrafast absorbance transients SO - Biochemistry. 45(31):9559-9565, 2006 Aug 8. AS - Biochemistry 2006 Aug 8;45(31):9559-9565 PU - AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA. URL: http://pubs.acs.org IS - 0006-2960 MH - Light-harvesting complex MH - Chloroplast thylakoid membranes MH - Pigment-protein complex MH - Green plants MH - Temperature-dependence MH - Structural flexibility MH - Circular-dichroism MH - Reversible changes MH - Energy-transfer MH - Photosystem-ii. AB - Evidence of nonequilibrium local heating in transient spectra of LHCII, the main light-harvesting complex of plants, was studied by using various excitation intensities over a wide temperature range, from 10 K to room temperature. No obvious manifestation of local heating was found at room temperature, whereas at 10 K, the local heating effect is discernible when more than 10 excitons per LHCII trimer per pulse are generated. Under these conditions, a major part of the excitation energy is converted into heat as a result of exciton-exciton annihilation. Initially, the heat energy is allocated on chlorophyll a molecules, reaching hundreds of degrees at the highest excitation intensities, which correspond to almost 100 excitons per trimer generated by a single excitation pulse. The decay of the nonequilibrium temperature is characterized well by two exponentials. The initial phase of cooling, which is most likely caused by the spreading of heat over the protein, corresponds to a characteristic time constant of similar to 20 ps. Later, the cooling rate decelerates to approximately 200 ps and is related to heat transfer to the solvent. [References: 32] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences CC - Biochemistry & Biophysics in Current Contents(R)/Life Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Valkunas L Inst Phys Savanoriu 231 LT-02300 Vilnius Lithuania Inst Phys LT-02300 Vilnius Lithuania Hungarian Acad Sci, Biol Res Ctr, Inst Plant Biol H-6701 Szeged Hungary Vilnius State Univ, Fac Phys, Dept Theoret Phys LT-10222 Vilnius Lithuania <53> UI - 068BM-0001 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068BM AU - Andreae MO AU - Gelencser A MA - andreae@mpch-mainz.mpg.de RA - Andreae MO TI - Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols [Review] SO - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics. 6:3131-3148, 2006 Jul 28. AS - Atmos. Chem. Phys 2006 Jul 28;6:3131-3148 PU - EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION, MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY. URL: http://www.copernicus.org/EGU/EGU.html IS - 1680-7316 MH - Single-scattering albedo MH - Airborne particulate matter MH - Attenuation cross-section MH - Soluble organic-compounds MH - Humic-like substances MH - Biomass burning aerosols MH - Long-range transport MH - Optical-properties MH - Elemental carbon MH - Absorption-measurements. AB - Although the definition and measurement techniques for atmospheric "black carbon" ("BC") or "elemental carbon" ("EC") have long been subjects of scientific controversy, the recent discovery of light-absorbing carbon that is not black ("brown carbon, C-brown") makes it imperative to reassess and redefine the components that make up light-absorbing carbonaceous matter ( LAC) in the atmosphere. Evidence for the atmospheric presence of C-brown comes from ( 1) spectral aerosol light absorption measurements near specific combustion sources, ( 2) observations of spectral properties of water extracts of continental aerosol, ( 3) laboratory studies indicating the formation of light-absorbing organic matter in the atmosphere, and ( 4) indirectly from the chemical analogy of aerosol species to colored natural humic substances. We show that brown carbon may severely bias measurements of "BC" and "EC" over vast parts of the troposphere, especially those strongly polluted by biomass burning, where the mass concentration of C-brown is high relative to that of soot carbon. Chemical measurements to determine "EC" are biased by the refractory nature of C-brown as well as by complex matrix interferences. Optical measurements of "BC" suffer from a number of problems: ( 1) many of the presently used instruments introduce a substantial bias into the determination of aerosol light absorption, ( 2) there is no unique conversion factor between light absorption and "EC" or "BC" concentration in ambient aerosols, and ( 3) the difference in spectral properties between the different types of LAC, as well as the chemical complexity of C-brown, lead to several conceptual as well as practical complications. We also suggest that due to the sharply increasing absorption of C-brown towards the UV, single-wavelength light absorption of solar radiation in the troposphere. We discuss the possible consequences of these effects for our understanding of tropospheric processes, including their influence on UV-irradiance, atmospheric photochemistry and radiative transfer in clouds. [References: 165] LG - English PT - Review SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences CC - Earth Sciences in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Andreae MO Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept POB 3060 D-55020 Mainz Germany Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept D-55020 Mainz Germany Univ Veszprem, Hungarian Acad Sci, Air Chem Grp H-8201 Veszprem Hungary <54> UI - 068YN-0008 DD - ISI Document Solution: 068YN AU - Gilerson A AU - Zhou J AU - Oo M AU - Chowdhary J AU - Gross BM AU - Moshary F AU - Ahmed S MA - ahmed@ccny.cuny.edu RA - Gilerson A TI - Retrieval of chlorophyll fluorescence from reflectance spectra through polarization discrimination: modeling and experiments SO - Applied Optics. 45(22):5568-5581, 2006 Aug 1. AS - Appl. Optics 2006 Aug 1;45(22):5568-5581 PU - OPTICAL SOC AMER, 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA. URL: http://www.osa.org IS - 0003-6935 MH - Dissolved organic-matter MH - Water-leaving radiance MH - Suspended particulate MH - Optical-properties MH - Natural-waters MH - Ocean MH - Absorption MH - Scattering MH - Phytoplankton MH - Algorithms. AB - The polarization discrimination technique we recently developed, shows that it is possible to separate the elastic scattering and the chlorophyll fluorescence signal from the water-leaving radiance by making use of the fact that the elastically scattered components are partially polarized, while the fluorescence signal is unpolarized. The technique has been shown to be applicable to a wide range of water conditions. We present an extension of experimental and analytical results, which serve to define the scope of this technique and its range of applicability. A new analysis, based on vector radiative transfer computations, and on laboratory and field measurements on eastern Long Island and in the Chesapeake Bay, shows that the technique is generally effective for both open ocean and coastal waters, but that it is limited if the ocean bottom albedo and/or multiple scattering due to very high mineral particle concentrations result in depolarizing the water-leaving radiance. In addition, we show that in contrast with the polarization-based retrieval, the traditional method of extracting fluorescence height using the baseline method can give significant errors, particularly for coastal waters where it strongly overestimates the fluorescence values. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America. [References: 39] LG - English PT - Article SB - Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences Current Contents(R)/Engineering, Computing & Technology CC - Applied Physics/Condensed Matter/Materials Science in Current Contents(R)/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences. Optics & Acoustics in Current Contents(R)/Engineering, Computing & Technology. EW - 2006 week 35 IN - Reprint available from: Gilerson A CUNY City Coll, Dept Elect Engn, Opt Remote Sensing Lab New York, NY 10031 USA CUNY City Coll, Dept Elect Engn, Opt Remote Sensing Lab New York, NY 10031 USA Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math New York, NY 10025 USA --_OVID_emlbndry_WKHLTH--